Turrell Gavin, Battistutta Diana, McGuffog Ingrid
School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2002 Feb;26(1):30-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2002.tb00267.x.
To estimate the smoking prevalence among parents of infants and examine these parents' socio-demographic characteristics.
The sample of all parents of infants (669 mother-father pairs, 90 single parents) was derived from the 1995 Australian Health Survey. Data were collected by face-to-face interview in the respondent's home. Socio-demographic measures include parent's age, family structure, age-left-school, highest post-school qualification, occupation, and family income.
The overall rate of smoking among parents was 28.9% (mothers 24.7%, fathers 33.7%). The lowest rate was observed among mothers with a post-school tertiary qualification (7.6%) and the highest among fathers aged 18-24 (49.0%). In 15.4% of two-parent families both parents smoked, but this rate differed markedly by family income (9.9% vs. 29.7% for high and low-income families respectively). Multiple logistic regression showed that parents who smoked were more likely to be young, minimally educated, employed in blue-collar occupations, and resident in low-income families.
Infants in this sample who were exposed to parental smoking were likely to be at increased risk of experiencing higher mortality and morbidity for childhood conditions related to passive smoking; more likely to experience adverse health consequences in adulthood; and may themselves take up smoking in later life. The study results pose serious challenges to our tobacco control efforts and health interventions more generally. No single policy or strategy can adequately address the problem of parental smoking. We need macro/upstream approaches that deal with the degree of social and economic inequality in society, as well as more intermediate approaches that intervene at the level of communities, families and individuals.
估算婴儿父母的吸烟率，并研究这些父母的社会人口学特征。
所有婴儿父母的样本（669对父母及90名单亲家长）取自1995年澳大利亚健康调查。通过在受访者家中进行面对面访谈收集数据。社会人口学指标包括父母年龄、家庭结构、离校年龄、最高学历后资格、职业和家庭收入。
父母的总体吸烟率为28.9%（母亲为24.7%，父亲为33.7%）。学历为高等教育的母亲吸烟率最低（7.6%），18 - 24岁的父亲吸烟率最高（49.0%）。在15.4%的双亲家庭中，父母双方都吸烟，但这一比例因家庭收入差异显著（高收入家庭和低收入家庭分别为9.9%和29.7%）。多元逻辑回归显示，吸烟的父母更可能年轻、受教育程度低、从事蓝领职业且居住在低收入家庭。
该样本中暴露于父母吸烟环境的婴儿，因被动吸烟导致儿童期疾病而出现更高死亡率和发病率的风险可能增加；成年后患不良健康后果的可能性更大；并且在以后的生活中自己也可能开始吸烟。研究结果对我们的烟草控制努力以及更广泛的健康干预措施构成了严峻挑战。没有单一的政策或策略能够充分解决父母吸烟的问题。我们需要宏观/上游方法来应对社会中的社会和经济不平等程度，以及更多在社区、家庭和个人层面进行干预的中间方法。
