Salomon J, De Truchis P, Melchior J C
Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France.
Br J Nutr. 2002 Jan;87 Suppl 1:S111-9. doi: 10.1079/bjn2001464.
Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by progressive destruction of the immune system, which leads to recurrent opportunistic infections and malignancies, progressive debilitation and death. Malnutrition is one major complication of HIV infection and is recognized as a significant prognostic factor in advanced disease. Malnutrition is multifactorial and poorly treated during the course of HIV. Even if a standardized approach to the management of active weight loss has not been well established, early nutritional intervention is important in HIV infected patients to maximize gain of lean body mass. From early in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), an initial decreased incidence of malnutrition was noted only in western countries while a variety of changes in the distribution of body fat and associated metabolic abnormalities have been recognized under the banner of lipodystrophy.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的特征是免疫系统进行性破坏，这会导致反复发生机会性感染和恶性肿瘤、身体逐渐衰弱并最终死亡。营养不良是HIV感染的一个主要并发症，并且被认为是晚期疾病的一个重要预后因素。营养不良是多因素导致的，并且在HIV病程中难以治疗。即使尚未建立标准化的积极体重减轻管理方法，但早期营养干预对于HIV感染患者增加瘦体重非常重要。从高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）时代早期开始，仅在西方国家观察到营养不良的发病率最初有所下降，而在脂肪营养不良的范畴下，人们已经认识到身体脂肪分布的各种变化以及相关的代谢异常。
