Mahoney Martin C, Bauer Joseph E, Tumiel Laurene, McMullen Sarah, Schieder Jeff, Pikuzinski Denise
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14215, USA.
BMC Fam Pract. 2002;3:3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-3-3. Epub 2002 Feb 19.
Information on the effectiveness of elementary school level, tobacco-use prevention programs is generally limited. This study assessed the impact of a structured, one-time intervention that was designed to modify attitudes and knowledge about tobacco. Participants were fifth-grade students from schools in western New York State.
Twenty-eight schools, which were in relatively close geographic proximity, were randomized into three groups; Group 1 was used to assess whether attitudes/knowledge were changed in the hypothesized direction by the intervention, and if those changes were retained four months later. Groups 2 and 3, were used as comparison groups to assess possible test-retest bias and historical effects. Groups 1 and 3 were pooled to assess whether attitudes/knowledge were changed by the intervention as measured by an immediate post-test. The non-parametric analytical techniques of Wilcoxon-Matched Pairs/Sign Ranks and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Rank Sums Tests were used to compare proportions of correct responses at each of the schools.
Pooled analyses showed that short-term retention on most items was achieved. It was also found that retention on two knowledge items 'recognition that smokers have yellow teeth and fingers' and 'smoking one pack of cigarettes a day costs several hundred dollars per year' was maintained for four months.
The findings suggest that inexpensive, one-time interventions for tobacco-use prevention can be of value. Changes in attitudes and knowledge conducive to the goal of tobacco-use prevention can be achieved for short-term retention and some relevant knowledge items can be retained for several months.
关于小学阶段烟草使用预防项目有效性的信息通常有限。本研究评估了一项结构化的一次性干预措施对改变烟草相关态度和知识的影响。参与者为纽约州西部学校的五年级学生。
将地理位置相对较近的28所学校随机分为三组；第一组用于评估干预措施是否使态度/知识朝着假设的方向改变，以及四个月后这些变化是否得以保持。第二组和第三组用作比较组，以评估可能的重测偏差和历史效应。将第一组和第三组合并，以通过即时后测评估干预措施是否改变了态度/知识。使用Wilcoxon配对符号秩检验和Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon秩和检验等非参数分析技术来比较各学校正确回答的比例。
汇总分析表明，大多数项目实现了短期保持。还发现，“认识到吸烟者牙齿和手指发黄”以及“每天吸一包烟每年花费数百美元”这两个知识项目的保持情况持续了四个月。
研究结果表明，廉价的一次性烟草使用预防干预措施可能具有价值。有助于实现烟草使用预防目标的态度和知识变化能够实现短期保持，并且一些相关知识项目能够保持数月。
