Lantz P M, Jacobson P D, Warner K E, Wasserman J, Pollack H A, Berson J, Ahlstrom A
Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
Tob Control. 2000 Mar;9(1):47-63. doi: 10.1136/tc.9.1.47.
To provide a comprehensive review of interventions and policies aimed at reducing youth cigarette smoking in the United States, including strategies that have undergone evaluation and emerging innovations that have not yet been assessed for efficacy.
Medline literature searches, books, reports, electronic list servers, and interviews with tobacco control advocates.
Interventions and policy approaches that have been assessed or evaluated were categorised using a typology with seven categories (school based, community interventions, mass media/public education, advertising restrictions, youth access restrictions, tobacco excise taxes, and direct restrictions on smoking). Novel and largely untested interventions were described using nine categories.
Youth smoking prevention and control efforts have had mixed results. However, this review suggests a number of prevention strategies that are promising, especially if conducted in a coordinated way to take advantage of potential synergies across interventions. Several types of strategies warrant additional attention and evaluation, including aggressive media campaigns, teen smoking cessation programmes, social environment changes, community interventions, and increasing cigarette prices. A significant proportion of the resources obtained from the recent settlement between 46 US states and the tobacco industry should be devoted to expanding, improving and evaluating "youth centred" tobacco prevention and control activities.
全面综述旨在减少美国青少年吸烟的干预措施和政策，包括已经过评估的策略以及尚未评估其效果的新兴创新措施。
医学文献数据库检索、书籍、报告、电子列表服务器以及与控烟倡导者的访谈。
已评估的干预措施和政策方法按照七种类型进行分类（基于学校的措施、社区干预、大众媒体/公共教育、广告限制、青少年获取限制、烟草消费税以及对吸烟的直接限制）。新的且大多未经测试的干预措施按照九种类型进行描述。
青少年吸烟预防和控制工作取得了喜忧参半的成果。然而，本综述提出了一些有前景的预防策略，尤其是如果以协调的方式开展以利用不同干预措施之间的潜在协同效应。有几种策略值得更多关注和评估，包括积极的媒体宣传活动、青少年戒烟项目、社会环境改变、社区干预以及提高香烟价格。美国46个州与烟草行业最近达成的和解协议所获得的相当一部分资源应致力于扩大、改进和评估“以青少年为中心”的烟草预防和控制活动。
