Muskens J, van Zijderveld F, Eger A, Bakker D
Department of Bovine Health, Animal Health Service, P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands.
Vet Microbiol. 2002 May 1;86(3):269-78. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00006-8.
In the past decades, vaccination against paratuberculosis in cattle was performed in The Netherlands only on a limited scale. Because of its interference with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, vaccination was restricted to herds with a high prevalence of clinical cases of paratuberculosis and was meant to aid in the economical survival of the farm. Recently, a voluntary paratuberculosis certification program has started, based in part on serological screening of cattle of at least 3 years of age. Herds that have been vaccinated against paratuberculosis are, therefore, likely to encounter problems when entering this program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response resulting from vaccination with a heat-killed paratuberculosis vaccine. Over a period of 12-14 years, new-born calves were vaccinated in two herds. The B-cell response was evaluated using both the complement-fixation test (CFT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the cell-mediated immune response was evaluated using the gamma-interferon assay. Data obtained show a marked and prolonged effect of the vaccination on both cellular and humoral immune responses, in particular to the paratuberculosis antigen but also to the bovine tuberculosis antigen, using the respective tests. These responses were detected rapidly after vaccination. The individual responses were highly variable between animals with respect to both the level and to the duration of the evoked immune response. No relation between the results obtained with the ELISA and the CFT was observed. In conclusion, for a large number of vaccinated cattle, a long lasting interference is to be expected with the presently available immunodiagnostic methods for both bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis.
在过去几十年中，荷兰仅在有限范围内对牛进行副结核病疫苗接种。由于其会干扰牛结核病的诊断，疫苗接种仅限于临床副结核病病例高发的牛群，目的是帮助农场实现经济存续。最近，一项自愿性的副结核病认证计划已经启动，部分基于对至少3岁牛的血清学筛查。因此，已经接种过副结核病疫苗的牛群在进入该计划时可能会遇到问题。本研究的目的是评估热灭活副结核病疫苗接种所产生的免疫反应。在12至14年的时间里，两个牛群中的新生犊牛都进行了疫苗接种。使用补体结合试验（CFT）和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）评估B细胞反应，使用γ-干扰素测定评估细胞介导的免疫反应。所获得的数据表明，接种疫苗对细胞免疫和体液免疫反应均有显著且持久的影响，特别是对于副结核病抗原，使用相应检测方法时对牛结核病抗原也有影响。这些反应在接种疫苗后迅速被检测到。个体反应在诱发免疫反应的水平和持续时间方面在动物之间差异很大。未观察到ELISA和CFT结果之间的相关性。总之，对于大量接种疫苗的牛，预计目前可用的牛结核病和副结核病免疫诊断方法都会受到长期干扰。
