Adamson A J, Foster E, Butler T J, Bennet S, Walker M
Human Nutrition Research Centre and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK.
Diabet Med. 2001 Dec;18(12):984-90. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00575.x.
Non-diabetic first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This is assumed to reflect a shared genetic predisposition. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that lifestyle factors, specifically dietary factors, are also important to the increased risk in non-diabetic relatives.
Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire in 149 non-diabetic first degree relatives (age 20-65 years) from families of North European extraction with two or more living Type 2 diabetic family members, and 143 age- and sex-matched control subjects from the background population with no family history of diabetes.
Relatives reported higher absolute intakes of total fat (mean (95% confidence intervals) 83 (76-91) vs. 71 (66-76) g/day, P = 0.01), saturated fat (SFA; 39 (36-43) vs. 33 (30-36) g/day, P < 0.01) and cholesterol (391 (354-427) vs. 318 (287-349) mg/day, P < 0.01), and a lower intake of non-starch polysaccharide (P < 0.05). Considered as percentage of total daily energy intake, relatives had higher intakes of total fat (P < 0.01) and SFA (P < 0.02), and a lower intake of carbohydrate (P < 0.02). These differences remained after exclusion of suspected under- and over-reporters of dietary intake.
Non-diabetic relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients were found to consume diets that will promote rather than prevent the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This suggests that the increased risk to non-diabetic relatives is therefore not entirely genetic, and there is scope for decreasing the risk through lifestyle modification.
2型糖尿病患者的非糖尿病一级亲属患糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险增加。这被认为反映了一种共同的遗传易感性。本研究的目的是检验这样一种假设，即生活方式因素，特别是饮食因素，对非糖尿病亲属风险增加也很重要。
使用经过验证的食物频率问卷对149名来自北欧血统家庭的非糖尿病一级亲属（年龄20 - 65岁）进行饮食摄入量评估，这些家庭中有两名或更多在世的2型糖尿病家庭成员，以及143名来自无糖尿病家族史的背景人群、年龄和性别匹配的对照受试者。
亲属报告的总脂肪绝对摄入量更高（平均（95%置信区间）83（76 - 91）克/天对71（66 - 76）克/天，P = 0.01）、饱和脂肪（SFA；39（36 - 43）克/天对33（30 - 36）克/天，P < 0.01）和胆固醇（391（354 - 427）毫克/天对318（287 - 349）毫克/天，P < 0.01），而非淀粉多糖摄入量较低（P < 0.05）。就每日总能量摄入量的百分比而言，亲属的总脂肪摄入量更高（P < 0.01）和SFA摄入量更高（P < 0.02），碳水化合物摄入量较低（P < 0.02）。在排除饮食摄入量疑似少报和多报者后，这些差异仍然存在。
发现2型糖尿病患者的非糖尿病亲属所食用的饮食会促进而非预防糖尿病和心血管疾病的发生。这表明非糖尿病亲属风险增加并非完全由遗传因素导致，通过改变生活方式有降低风险的空间。
