Matteucci E, Passerai S, Mariotti M, Fagnani F, Evangelista I, Rossi L, Giampietro O
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;59(1):114-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602047.
Nutritional status and lifestyle can have profound effects on health. To analyse behaviour patterns in population subgroups of public health importance, we compared lifestyle, dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients, and nutritional biomarkers of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients and nondiabetic first-degree relatives against control subjects with no family history of T1DM.
A cross-sectional study.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
A total of 209 individuals including 38 type 1 patients, 76 relatives, and 95 healthy subjects.
We used the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition questionnaires to assess dietary intake and lifestyle. Anthropometric indices and nutritional biomarkers (such as plasma levels of albumin, iron, lipids, homocysteine, vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 as well as urinary outputs of nitrogen, sodium and potassium) were evaluated.
Emerging health issues: (1) In total, 45% of controls were overweight. Increasing age was associated with increasing body mass and decreasing activity in sport in front of an unchanged energy intake. (2) The distribution of energy sources was incorrect. The proportion of caloric intake derived from total fat and cholesterol did not match general guidelines. Total dietary fibre consumption was assessed to be adequate (25 g/day) in only 27% of all the participants. (3) Estimated daily intakes of water-soluble vitamin B9 and fat-soluble vitamin D and vitamin E were deficient in comparison with dietary reference intakes. (4) The prevalence of adoption and maintenance of healthful eating and physical activity habits was higher in women and T1DM patients (probably as a consequence of the medical educational intervention). On the contrary, supportiveness of the family in term of changing the undesirable behaviours at home seemed to fail.
This study provides first evidence indicating unhealthy dietary behaviours, which could even predispose to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular complications, in subjects living in Pisa. The combination of vitamin B9 and vitamin E deprivation could be deleterious for endothelial function, since these antioxidants have been implicated in the modulation of nitric oxide and eicosanoid signalling.
营养状况和生活方式会对健康产生深远影响。为分析具有公共卫生重要性的人群亚组中的行为模式，我们比较了1型糖尿病（T1DM）患者及非糖尿病一级亲属与无T1DM家族史的对照对象的生活方式、能量及选定营养素的膳食摄入量，以及营养生物标志物。
横断面研究。
意大利比萨大学内科。
共209人，包括38例1型患者、76名亲属和95名健康受试者。
我们使用欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查问卷来评估膳食摄入量和生活方式。评估人体测量指标和营养生物标志物（如血浆白蛋白、铁、脂质、同型半胱氨酸、维生素B9和维生素B12水平以及氮、钠和钾的尿排泄量）。
新出现的健康问题：（1）总体而言，45%的对照对象超重。在能量摄入量不变的情况下，年龄增长与体重增加及运动活动减少相关。（2）能量来源分布不正确。来自总脂肪和胆固醇的热量摄入比例不符合一般指南。仅27%的所有参与者的总膳食纤维摄入量被评估为充足（25克/天）。（3）与膳食参考摄入量相比，水溶性维生素B9、脂溶性维生素D和维生素E的估计每日摄入量不足。（4）女性和T1DM患者采用和维持健康饮食及体育活动习惯的比例较高（可能是医学教育干预的结果）。相反，家庭在改变家中不良行为方面的支持似乎不足。
本研究提供了首个证据，表明生活在比萨的人群存在不健康的饮食行为，这甚至可能易患糖尿病和心血管并发症。维生素B9和维生素E缺乏的组合可能对内皮功能有害，因为这些抗氧化剂与一氧化氮和类花生酸信号传导的调节有关。
