Blumen Sergiu C, Blumen Nava
Department of Neurology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2002 Mar;4(3):163-5.
Henri Bergson (1859-1941) was probably the most influential French philosopher at the turn of the twentieth century. In 1927 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. Far beyond the restricted academic philosophical milieu, the impact of his thinking reached personalities as diverse as Claude Debussy, Marcel Proust, George Bemard Shaw, and the impressionists. His essay The Laughter (Le Rire) is one of the most profound and original ever written on the sense of humor. Bergson's opinions, with their emphasis on life, instinct and intuition, represented a deviation from the rationalist mainstream of western philosophical tradition. In some circles he was received with skepticism and irony, as in Bertrand Russel's History of Western Philosophy. Today, unbiased by theoretical "bergsonism," neurophysiologic research--as undertaken mainly by Antonio Damasio's team at Iowa University--confirms many of his hypotheses and elucidates their mechanisms. In this new light, intuition and "recognition by the body" should not be seen as the personal fantasy of an original thinker but as fundamental cognitive tools.
亨利·柏格森（1859 - 1941）或许是20世纪之交最具影响力的法国哲学家。1927年，他荣获诺贝尔文学奖。其思想的影响远远超出了有限的学术哲学圈子，波及了像克劳德·德彪西、马塞尔·普鲁斯特、乔治·萧伯纳以及印象派画家等形形色色的人物。他的论文《笑》是有史以来关于幽默感最深刻、最具原创性的作品之一。柏格森强调生命、本能和直觉的观点，代表了与西方哲学传统理性主义主流的背离。在某些圈子里，他遭到了怀疑和讽刺，比如在伯特兰·罗素的《西方哲学史》中。如今，不受理论“柏格森主义”偏见影响的神经生理学研究——主要由爱荷华大学安东尼奥·达马西奥团队开展——证实了他的许多假设，并阐明了其机制。从这个新视角来看，直觉和“身体的认知”不应被视为一位原创思想家的个人幻想，而应被视为基本的认知工具。
