Raynor Douglas A, Pogue-Geile Michael F, Kamarck Thomas W, McCaffery Jeanne M, Manuck Stephen B
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 405 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Psychosom Med. 2002 Mar-Apr;64(2):191-203; discussion 204-5. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200203000-00002.
Three psychosocial characteristics associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD)-depression, hostility, and social support-tend to correlate with one another. However, the causes of each characteristic and why they tend to co-occur are not completely understood. Therefore, the current study used a twin design to examine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to the variation and covariation of these three psychosocial characteristics.
The sources of variation and covariation among the Beck Depression Inventory, the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were examined in a young adult community sample of 157 monozygotic and 75 dizygotic twin pairs.
Phenotypic confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a single latent factor could account for their moderate intercorrelations. Twin analyses indicated that the Beck Depression Inventory and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were each influenced by genetic and nonshared environmental factors, whereas the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale was influenced by familial (genetic and/or shared environmental) and nonshared environmental factors. Bivariate associations between these scales were largely determined by common genetic effects and, to a lesser degree, common nonshared environmental effects. Covariation among the three scales could be explained by a single common genetic factor and a common nonshared environmental factor. Environmental factors shared within families did not contribute to covariation among the psychosocial characteristics.
The results challenge the conventional approach of examining these psychosocial variables as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and argue for the importance of investigating specific causes for their covariation.
与心血管疾病（CVD）相关的三种心理社会特征——抑郁、敌意和社会支持——往往相互关联。然而，每种特征的成因以及它们为何往往同时出现尚未完全明了。因此，本研究采用双生子设计来检验遗传和环境影响对这三种心理社会特征的变异和共变的相对贡献。
在一个由157对同卵双生子和75对异卵双生子组成的年轻成人社区样本中，考察了贝克抑郁量表、库克-梅德雷敌意量表和人际支持评价量表之间的变异和共变来源。
表型验证性因素分析表明，一个单一的潜在因素可以解释它们之间的中等程度的相互关联。双生子分析表明，贝克抑郁量表和人际支持评价量表均受遗传因素和非共享环境因素的影响，而库克-梅德雷敌意量表受家庭因素（遗传和/或共享环境）和非共享环境因素的影响。这些量表之间的双变量关联在很大程度上由共同的遗传效应决定，在较小程度上由共同的非共享环境效应决定。这三个量表之间的共变可以由一个单一的共同遗传因素和一个共同的非共享环境因素来解释。家庭内部共享的环境因素对心理社会特征之间的共变没有贡献。
研究结果对将这些心理社会变量作为心血管疾病独立危险因素的传统方法提出了挑战，并强调了调查它们共变的具体原因的重要性。
