Krajewski J A, Szarapińska-Kwaszewska J, Dudkiewicz B, Cyprowski M, Tarkowski S, Kończalik J, Stroszejn-Mrowca G
Zakładu Srodowiskowych Zagrozeń Zdrowia, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera w Łodzi.
Med Pr. 2001;52(6):417-22.
The assessment of the exposure to bioaerosols among workers engaged in the collection and disposal of municipal waste is presented. The workers were divided into the following groups, depending on the job performed: waste collectors (loaders, drivers), composting plant workers (heavy equipment operators, waste site workers), sorters (heavy equipment operators, waste sorters) and landfill site workers (heavy equipment operators, weighers). Air samples were also collected on the city streets and in flats. They were reference points to the results obtained. Air samples were collected at the breathing zone. The concentrations of dust, viable microorganisms (mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, and fungi), endotoxins and the total number of microbiol cells were determined. The highest, individual exposure to dust was found in composting plant workers and waste collectors. The values exceeded considerably maximum allowable concentrations (by ten times at composting plant). The mean values for the above listed groups also exceeded the concentration of 4 mg/m3. Dust concentrations at other workposts were substantially lower. The concentrations in the city streets and in flats maintained at the level of 0.1 mg/m3. Endotoxin concentration at a protecting upper airway inflammation level (10 ng/m3) was exceeded in the majority (above 50%) of samples. That is why the average concentration in individual groups was also higher than 10 ng/m3. Street and flat samples included endotoxins at the level of 1 ng/m3. Taking as a criterion the obligatory total dust and endotoxin MAC value of 10 ng/m3 for assessing work hygiene conditions, it should be stated that waste collectors and composting plant workers were employed in conditions of poor hygiene.
本文介绍了对从事城市垃圾收集和处理工作的工人接触生物气溶胶情况的评估。根据所执行的工作，将工人分为以下几组：垃圾收集工（装载机操作员、司机）、堆肥厂工人（重型设备操作员、垃圾处理场工人）、分拣工（重型设备操作员、垃圾分拣员）和垃圾填埋场工人（重型设备操作员、过磅员）。还在城市街道和公寓中采集了空气样本。它们是所得结果的参考点。在呼吸带采集空气样本。测定了灰尘、活微生物（嗜温菌和嗜热菌以及真菌）、内毒素和微生物细胞总数的浓度。堆肥厂工人和垃圾收集工的个人灰尘接触量最高。这些值大大超过了最大允许浓度（堆肥厂超过十倍）。上述各组的平均值也超过了4毫克/立方米的浓度。其他工作岗位的灰尘浓度则低得多。城市街道和公寓中的浓度维持在0.1毫克/立方米的水平。大多数（超过50%）样本的内毒素浓度超过了保护上呼吸道炎症的水平（10纳克/立方米）。因此，各小组的平均浓度也高于10纳克/立方米。街道和公寓样本中的内毒素水平为1纳克/立方米。以评估工作卫生条件时总灰尘和内毒素的强制性最大允许浓度值10纳克/立方米为标准，应该指出，垃圾收集工和堆肥厂工人的工作卫生条件很差。
