Jensen Jane, Lundin-Olsson Lillemor, Nyberg Lars, Gustafson Yngve
Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
Scand J Public Health. 2002;30(1):54-61.
A prospective study was carried out to investigate the incidence, circumstances, and injuries from falls among frail older people living in three different types of Swedish residential care settings.
The settings were senior citizens' apartments, an old people's home, and a group dwelling for people with dementia. The falls were registered during the three-year study period on a semi-structured fall report, and injurious falls were categorized according to severity.
In total 428 falls occurred among 121 residents. The incidence rate of falls at the group dwelling was twice the rates of the old people's home and senior citizens' apartments (4282 compared with 1709 and 2114 falls per 1000 person-years respectively). Some 27% of the falls occurred during the night (2100h to 0600h) and 28% were related to a visit to the lavatory. The presence of acute disease at the time of a fall was diagnosed in 23% of the falls. Some type of injury occurred in 118 falls (28%) and 36 of these (8%) led to moderate or serious injuries. In total 48 fractures were diagnosed.
In a preventive programme for falls and injuries in residential care settings, areas of particular interest should include falls after mealtimes and falls at night, conditions of acute diseases, rising up from sitting, walking, and activities in progress, especially visits to the lavatory.
开展一项前瞻性研究，以调查居住在瑞典三种不同类型养老机构中的体弱老年人跌倒的发生率、情况及损伤情况。
这些机构分别是老年公寓、养老院和痴呆症患者集体住所。在为期三年的研究期间，跌倒事件记录在一份半结构化的跌倒报告中，跌倒致伤情况按严重程度分类。
121名居民共发生428次跌倒。集体住所的跌倒发生率是养老院和老年公寓的两倍（每1000人年分别为4282次、1709次和2114次跌倒）。约27%的跌倒发生在夜间（21:00至06:00），28%与上厕所有关。23%的跌倒发生时被诊断患有急性疾病。118次跌倒（28%）出现了某种类型的损伤，其中36次（8%）导致中度或重度损伤。共诊断出48处骨折。
在养老机构跌倒和损伤的预防项目中，特别需要关注的领域应包括餐后跌倒和夜间跌倒、急性疾病情况、从坐姿起身、行走及正在进行的活动，尤其是上厕所。
