Burnard P, Edwards D, Fothergill A, Hannigan B, Coyle D
School of Nursing & Midwifery Studies, University of Wales College of Medicine, Health Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2000 Dec;7(6):523-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2850.2000.00351.x.
There is evidence to suggest that community mental health nurses experience stress and burnout related to their work. Previous research has been limited by a number of methodological problems. One of the problems is that studies have tended to have small or unrepresentative samples, and many researchers have only examined mental health nurses as a subset within their research, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The All-Wales Community Mental Health Nurse (CMHN) Stress Study was set up in order to address this issue. The total population of CMHNs in Wales was surveyed (N = 614) and 301 (49%) responded. The questionnaire booklet contained a number of validated instruments to measure stress, burnout, and coping, together with a demographic questionnaire. The demographic questionnaire included three open ended-questions. These questions were asked in order in determine the CMHNs' own views of the sources of stress in the workplace, and to investigate which methods they use to cope. This paper reports the findings from the content analysis of the three questions. The results from the other measures are reported in the companion paper (Edwards et al. 2000). The most frequently cited stressors included perceived workload, excessive paperwork and administration, and a broad spectrum of client-related issues. Coping strategies that CMHNs reported using included peer support, a range of personal strategies such as relaxation, and belief in self and supervision. It appears from the findings that a range of factors such as organizational pressures and factors related to working with patients are important in determining stress levels, and that informal rather than formal support networks are the preferred methods of coping.
有证据表明，社区心理健康护士会经历与工作相关的压力和职业倦怠。以往的研究受到一些方法学问题的限制。其中一个问题是，研究的样本往往较小或缺乏代表性，而且许多研究人员仅将心理健康护士作为其研究中的一个子集进行考察，这限制了研究结果的普遍性。为了解决这个问题，开展了全威尔士社区心理健康护士（CMHN）压力研究。对威尔士的所有社区心理健康护士（N = 614）进行了调查，301人（49%）做出了回应。问卷手册包含一些经过验证的工具，用于测量压力、职业倦怠和应对方式，还包括一份人口统计学问卷。人口统计学问卷包含三个开放式问题。提出这些问题是为了确定社区心理健康护士对工作场所压力源的自身看法，并调查他们使用哪些方法来应对。本文报告了对这三个问题的内容分析结果。其他测量结果在配套论文中报告（爱德华兹等人，2000年）。最常被提及的压力源包括感知到的工作量、过多的文书工作和行政事务，以及一系列与客户相关的问题。社区心理健康护士报告使用的应对策略包括同伴支持、一系列个人策略，如放松，以及自我信念和监督。从研究结果来看，一系列因素，如组织压力和与患者合作相关的因素，在决定压力水平方面很重要，而且非正式而非正式的支持网络是首选的应对方式。
