Fredrickson Barbara L, Joiner Thomas
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2002 Mar;13(2):172-5. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00431.
The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions predicts that positive emotions broaden the scopes of attention and cognition, and, by consequence, initiate upward spirals toward increasing emotional well-being. The present study assessed this prediction by testing whether positive affect and broad-minded coping reciprocally and prospectively predict one another. One hundred thirty-eight college students completed self-report measures of affect and coping at two assessment periods 5 weeks apart. As hypothesized, regression analyses showed that initial positive affect, but not negative affect, predicted improved broad-minded coping, and initial broad-minded coping predicted increased positive affect, but not reductions in negative affect. Further mediational analyses showed that positive affect and broad-minded coping serially enhanced one another. These findings provide prospective evidence to support the prediction that positive emotions initiate upward spirals toward enhanced emotional wellbeing. Implications for clinical practice and health promotion are discussed.
积极情绪的拓展与建构理论预测，积极情绪会拓宽注意力和认知的范围，进而引发朝着提升情绪幸福感的上升螺旋。本研究通过测试积极情感和豁达应对方式是否相互且前瞻性地预测对方，来评估这一预测。138名大学生在相隔5周的两个评估期完成了情感和应对方式的自我报告测量。正如假设的那样，回归分析表明，初始的积极情感而非消极情感，预测了更豁达的应对方式的改善，而初始的豁达应对方式则预测了积极情感的增加，而非消极情感的减少。进一步的中介分析表明，积极情感和豁达应对方式相互串联增强。这些发现提供了前瞻性证据，以支持积极情绪引发朝着增强情绪幸福感的上升螺旋这一预测。文中还讨论了对临床实践和健康促进的启示。
