Hongve D, Brittain J E, Bjørnstad H E
National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
J Environ Radioact. 2002;60(1-2):139-47. doi: 10.1016/s0265-931x(01)00100-x.
Mosses are frequently used as biomonitors for trace element pollution in the aquatic environment. The purpose of this study was to assess their usefulness as a tool in monitoring and in regional surveys of radioactive contamination. Specimens of the aquatic mosses, Fontinalis antipyretica and F. dalecarlica, were transplanted from non-contaminated areas to streams and rivers in the Norwegian Jotunheimen Mountains and neighbouring lowland areas that had received radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl accident. Equilibrium concentrations of 137Cs in the exposed mosses were reached after a few weeks. Two series from 20 streams in 1994 and 1996 show linear correlations between activities in water and moss samples and biomagnification ratios of 10(4) - 10(5). We conclude that mosses are better suited for monitoring purposes than water samples, because they provide values integrated over weeks while the radioactivity in surface waters can be subject to rapid variations according to hydrological events. The activity concentrations in aquatic mosses can be easily measured with good precision even when aqueous concentrations are below the limit of detection. Use of aquatic mosses also reduces the logistic problems of transporting large volumes of water, especially in areas inaccessible by road.
苔藓常被用作水生环境中微量元素污染的生物监测器。本研究的目的是评估它们作为监测工具以及在放射性污染区域调查中的实用性。水生苔藓Fontinalis antipyretica和F. dalecarlica的样本从无污染地区移植到挪威尤通黑门山脉及周边低地地区的溪流和河流中，这些地区在切尔诺贝利事故后受到了放射性沉降物的影响。几周后，暴露的苔藓中137Cs达到平衡浓度。1994年和1996年来自20条溪流的两个系列显示，水样和苔藓样本中的活度之间存在线性相关性，生物放大率为10(4) - 10(5)。我们得出结论，苔藓比水样更适合用于监测目的，因为它们提供的是数周内的综合值，而地表水的放射性可能会因水文事件而迅速变化。即使水样浓度低于检测限，水生苔藓中的活度浓度也能很容易地精确测量。使用水生苔藓还减少了运输大量水样的后勤问题，特别是在道路无法到达的地区。
