Bhaduri Debarati, Sihi Debjani, Bhowmik Arnab, Verma Bibhash C, Munda Sushmita, Dari Biswanath
ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 17;13:938481. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.938481. eCollection 2022.
Preventing degradation, facilitating restoration, and maintaining soil health is fundamental for achieving ecosystem stability and resilience. A healthy soil ecosystem is supported by favorable components in the soil that promote biological productivity and provide ecosystem services. Bio-indicators of soil health are measurable properties that define the biotic components in soil and could potentially be used as a metric in determining soil functionality over a wide range of ecological conditions. However, it has been a challenge to determine effective bio-indicators of soil health due to its temporal and spatial resolutions at ecosystem levels. The objective of this review is to compile a set of effective bio-indicators for developing a better understanding of ecosystem restoration capabilities. It addresses a set of potential bio-indicators including microbial biomass, respiration, enzymatic activity, molecular gene markers, microbial metabolic substances, and microbial community analysis that have been responsive to a wide range of ecosystem functions in agricultural soils, mine deposited soil, heavy metal contaminated soil, desert soil, radioactive polluted soil, pesticide polluted soil, and wetland soils. The importance of ecosystem restoration in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals was also discussed. This review identifies key management strategies that can help in ecosystem restoration and maintain ecosystem stability.
防止土壤退化、促进土壤恢复并维持土壤健康是实现生态系统稳定性和恢复力的根本。健康的土壤生态系统由土壤中有利于促进生物生产力并提供生态系统服务的成分所支撑。土壤健康的生物指标是可测量的特性，它们定义了土壤中的生物成分，并有可能用作在广泛的生态条件下确定土壤功能的指标。然而，由于生态系统层面土壤健康的时间和空间分辨率，确定有效的土壤健康生物指标一直是一项挑战。本综述的目的是汇编一组有效的生物指标，以便更好地理解生态系统恢复能力。它探讨了一组潜在的生物指标，包括微生物生物量、呼吸作用、酶活性、分子基因标记、微生物代谢物质以及微生物群落分析，这些指标已对农业土壤、矿质沉积土壤、重金属污染土壤、沙漠土壤、放射性污染土壤、农药污染土壤和湿地土壤中的广泛生态系统功能产生了响应。还讨论了生态系统恢复在联合国可持续发展目标中的重要性。本综述确定了有助于生态系统恢复和维持生态系统稳定性的关键管理策略。
