Skelton Dawn A, Kennedy Jonathon, Rutherford Olga M
Cellular & Integrative Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Age Ageing. 2002 Mar;31(2):119-25. doi: 10.1093/ageing/31.2.119.
although low strength is a risk factor for falls, lower limb explosive power is more predictive of functional difficulties than strength. Power may be more predictive of a future fall than strength per se.
to compare leg muscle strength and explosive power and asymmetry of leg strength and power of women aged 65 or over living at home, with and without a history of falls.
a case controlled study of self-reported 'fallers' versus 'non-fallers'.
twenty women, aged 65 or over, with a history of at least three falls in the previous year were age matched with 15 women with no history of falls in the previous year.
lower limb explosive power, isometric strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings, isokinetic concentric strength (100 degrees/sec) of the quadriceps, hamstrings, ankle plantar- and dorsi-flexors and quadriceps eccentric strength (100 degrees/sec). Habitual physical activity was assessed using the self-completed Habitual Activity Profile Questionnaire.
the women with a history of falls were less active but were not significantly weaker in any of the strength measurements, apart from ankle dorsiflexion adjusted for body weight. Both groups had significant asymmetry in all the leg muscles for both strength and power. Although both groups were asymmetrical in their lower limb power, the fallers demonstrated a significantly greater asymmetry. When the least powerful legs were compared, the women with a history of falls were 24% less powerful for their weight than those who did not fall (P=0.04).
weakness and asymmetry is prevalent in women aged 65 and over, with and without a history of falls. Poor lower limb explosive power combined with asymmetry between limbs may be more predictive of future falls than more traditional measurements of strength in older women who live independently.
尽管低强度是跌倒的一个风险因素，但下肢爆发力比力量更能预测功能障碍。爆发力可能比力量本身更能预测未来的跌倒。
比较居家生活的65岁及以上有跌倒史和无跌倒史女性的腿部肌肉力量、爆发力以及腿部力量和爆发力的不对称性。
一项关于自我报告的“跌倒者”与“非跌倒者”的病例对照研究。
20名65岁及以上、前一年至少有三次跌倒史的女性与15名前一年无跌倒史的女性进行年龄匹配。
测量下肢爆发力、股四头肌和腘绳肌的等长力量、股四头肌、腘绳肌、踝关节跖屈肌和背屈肌的等速向心力量（100度/秒）以及股四头肌离心力量（100度/秒）。使用自我填写的习惯性活动概况问卷评估习惯性身体活动。
有跌倒史的女性活动较少，但除了根据体重调整的踝关节背屈外，在任何力量测量中均无明显较弱。两组在所有腿部肌肉的力量和爆发力方面均存在明显不对称。尽管两组下肢爆发力均不对称，但跌倒者的不对称性明显更大。当比较力量最弱的腿时，有跌倒史的女性其力量相对于体重比未跌倒者低24%（P = 0.04）。
65岁及以上有跌倒史和无跌倒史的女性普遍存在力量不足和不对称的情况。对于独立生活的老年女性，下肢爆发力差与肢体间不对称相结合可能比更传统的力量测量更能预测未来的跌倒。
