Bytnerowicz Andrzej, Tausz Michael, Alonso Rocio, Jones David, Johnson Ronald, Grulke Nancy
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2002;118(2):187-203. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00312-8.
Concentrations of air pollutants were monitored during the May November 1999 period on a network of forested sites in Sequoia National Park, California. Measurements were conducted with: (1) active monitors for nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3); (2) honeycomb denuder/filter pack systems for nitric acid vapor (HNO3), nitrous acid vapor (HNO2), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and sulfate (SO4(2-)); and (3) passive samplers for O3, HNO3 and NO2. Elevated concentrations of O3 (seasonal means 41-71 ppb), HNO3 (seasonal means 0.4-2.9 microg/m3), NH3 (seasonal means 1.6-4.5 microg/m3), NO3 (1.1-2.0 microg/m3) and NH4+ (1.0-1.9 microg/m3) were determined. Concentrations of other pollutants were low. With increasing elevation and distance from the pollution source area of O3, NH3 and HNO3 concentrations decreased. Ammonia and NH4+ were dominant N pollutants indicating strong influence of agricultural emissions on forests and other ecosystems of the Sequoia National Park.
1999年5月至11月期间，对加利福尼亚州红杉国家公园森林地带的一个监测网络中的空气污染物浓度进行了监测。测量采用了：（1）用于监测一氧化氮（NO）、二氧化氮（NO₂）和臭氧（O₃）的有源监测器；（2）用于监测硝酸蒸气（HNO₃）、亚硝酸蒸气（HNO₂）、氨（NH₃）、二氧化硫（SO₂）、颗粒硝酸盐（NO₃⁻）、铵（NH₄⁺）和硫酸盐（SO₄²⁻）的蜂窝式 denuder/滤膜组件系统；以及（3）用于监测O₃、HNO₃和NO₂的被动采样器。确定了O₃（季节均值为41 - 71 ppb）、HNO₃（季节均值为0.4 - 2.9 μg/m³）、NH₃（季节均值为1.6 - 4.5 μg/m³）、NO₃（1.1 - 2.0 μg/m³）和NH₄⁺（1.0 - 1.9 μg/m³）的浓度升高。其他污染物的浓度较低。随着海拔升高以及与O₃、NH₃和HNO₃污染源区域距离的增加，其浓度降低。氨和NH₄⁺是主要的氮污染物，表明农业排放对红杉国家公园的森林和其他生态系统有强烈影响。
