Sather Mark E, Slonecker E Terrence, Mathew Johnson, Daughtrey Hunter, Williams Dennis D
Air Quality Analysis Section, U.S. EPA Region 6, 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, TX 75202, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2007 Jan;124(1-3):211-21. doi: 10.1007/s10661-006-9219-4. Epub 2006 Oct 3.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO(2)) is a common urban air pollutant that results from the combustion of fossil fuels. It causes serious human health effects, is a precursor to the formation of ground level ozone, another serious air pollutant, and is one of the six criteria air pollutants established by the United States (U.S.) Clean Air Act (CAA). Ogawa Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for NO(2) were collocated and operated at six NO(2) Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitor locations in the El Paso, Texas area for the 2004 calendar year. Passive samples were taken at 2-week, 3-week, and 4-week intervals and compared against the continuously operating FRM monitors. Results showed that the collective NO(2) annual arithmetic mean for all passive monitors was identical to the NO(2) mean for all FRM monitors. Of the individual locations, three passive annual NO(2) means were identical to their corresponding FRM means, and three passive annual NO(2) means differed from their corresponding FRM means by only one part per billion (ppb). Linear correlation analysis between all readings of the individual NO(2) PSDs and FRM values showed an average absolute difference of 1.2 ppb with an r (2) of 0.95. Paired comparison between high and low concentration annual NO(2) sites, seasonal considerations, and interlab quality control comparisons all showed excellent results. The ease of deployment, reliability, and the cost-savings that can be realized with NO(2) PSDs could make them an attractive alternative to FRM monitors for screening purposes, and even possibly an equivalent method for annual NO(2) monitoring. More tests of the Ogawa NO(2) PSD are recommended for different ecosystem and climate regimes.
二氧化氮（NO₂）是一种常见的城市空气污染物，由化石燃料燃烧产生。它会对人类健康造成严重影响，是地面臭氧形成的前体物质，而地面臭氧是另一种严重的空气污染物，并且是美国《清洁空气法》（CAA）规定的六种标准空气污染物之一。2004年全年，在得克萨斯州埃尔帕索地区的六个二氧化氮联邦参考方法（FRM）监测点配置并运行了用于二氧化氮的小川被动采样装置（PSD）。被动样本每隔2周、3周和4周采集一次，并与持续运行的FRM监测器进行比较。结果表明，所有被动监测器的二氧化氮年度算术平均值与所有FRM监测器的二氧化氮平均值相同。在各个监测点中，三个被动监测器的二氧化氮年度平均值与其对应的FRM平均值相同，另外三个被动监测器的二氧化氮年度平均值与其对应的FRM平均值仅相差十亿分之一（ppb）。对各个二氧化氮PSD的所有读数与FRM值进行线性相关分析，结果显示平均绝对差值为1.2 ppb，r²为0.95。高浓度和低浓度二氧化氮年度监测点之间的配对比较、季节因素以及实验室间质量控制比较均显示出优异的结果。二氧化氮PSD易于部署、可靠性高且成本节约，这使其成为用于筛选目的的FRM监测器的有吸引力的替代方案，甚至可能成为二氧化氮年度监测的等效方法。建议针对不同的生态系统和气候条件对小川二氧化氮PSD进行更多测试。
