Kitch B T, Chew G, Burge H A, Muilenberg M L, Weiss S T, Platts-Mills T A, O'Connor G, Gold D R
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Apr;108(4):301-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108301.
In the United States, childhood asthma morbidity and prevalence rates are the highest in less affluent urban minority communities. More than 80% of childhood asthmatics are allergic to one or more inhalant allergens. We evaluated whether socioeconomic status was associated with a differential in the levels and types of indoor home allergens. Dust samples for an ELISA allergen assay were collected from the homes of 499 families as part of a metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, longitudinal birth cohort study of home allergens and asthma in children with a parental history of asthma or allergy. The proportion of homes with maximum home allergen levels in the highest category was 42% for dust mite allergen (> or = 10 microg/g Der p 1 or Der f 1), 13% for cockroach allergen (> or = 2 U/g Bla g 1 or Bla g 2), 26% for cat allergen (> or = 8 microg/g Fel d 1), and 20% for dog allergen (> or = 10 microg/g Can f 1). Homes in the high-poverty area (> 20% of the population below the poverty level) were more likely to have high cockroach allergen levels than homes in the low-poverty area [51 vs. 3%; OR, 33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 12-90], but less likely to have high levels of dust mite allergen (16 vs. 53%; OR, 0.2; CI, 0.1-0.4). Lower family income, less maternal education, and race/ethnicity (black or Hispanic vs. white) were also associated with a lower risk of high dust mite levels and a greater risk of high cockroach allergen levels. Within a single U.S. metropolitan area we found marked between-community differences in the types of allergens present in the home, but not necessarily in the overall burden of allergen exposure.
在美国，儿童哮喘的发病率和患病率在较贫困的城市少数族裔社区中最高。超过80%的儿童哮喘患者对一种或多种吸入性过敏原过敏。我们评估了社会经济地位是否与室内家庭过敏原的水平和类型差异有关。作为马萨诸塞州波士顿市一项关于有哮喘或过敏家族史儿童的家庭过敏原与哮喘的纵向出生队列研究的一部分，从499个家庭的家中收集了用于酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）过敏原检测的灰尘样本。对于尘螨过敏原（≥10微克/克Der p 1或Der f 1），家庭中过敏原水平处于最高类别的比例为42%；对于蟑螂过敏原（≥2单位/克Bla g 1或Bla g 2），为13%；对于猫过敏原（≥8微克/克Fel d 1），为26%；对于狗过敏原（≥10微克/克Can f 1），为20%。高贫困地区（贫困水平以下人口超过20%）的家庭比低贫困地区的家庭更有可能有高蟑螂过敏原水平[51%对3%；比值比（OR），33；95%置信区间（CI），12 - 90]，但尘螨过敏原高水平的可能性较小（16%对53%；OR，0.2；CI，0.1 - 0.4）。较低的家庭收入、母亲受教育程度较低以及种族/族裔（黑人或西班牙裔与白人相比）也与高尘螨水平风险较低和高蟑螂过敏原水平风险较高有关。在一个美国大都市地区内，我们发现家庭中存在的过敏原类型在不同社区之间存在显著差异，但过敏原暴露的总体负担不一定如此。
