Gillespie Theresa W, Hillyer Christopher D
Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Transfus Med Rev. 2002 Apr;16(2):115-30. doi: 10.1053/tmrv.2002.31461.
The aging of the US population and the evidence that only about 5% of individuals in the United States donate blood each year raise concerns about the assurance of an adequate, safe supply of blood in the future. Blood donation decision making has been investigated worldwide for decades to understand the process better to increase donation efficiency, safety, retention, collection numbers, and diversity of the donor pool. This review focuses on the characteristics of allogeneic blood donors, the motivational sources in donor decision making, and the research concepts and techniques used to examine these factors. Some historic studies considered pivotal, as well as more recent surveys, may not be pertinent to or representative of the current national donor pool. Interpretation of data related to donor characteristics should examine whether demographics mirror the donor pool to assist in targeted recruitment or if targeted recruitment actually leads to the reported demographics. Few recent studies of donor motivation have been published. Modern sources of positive and negative motivation are worth exploring through scientifically sound investigations involving representative cohorts using multifactorial approaches. Strategies that focus on retaining return donors and transforming first-time donors into repeaters would be beneficial. Investigations are needed also to assess research questions and to develop well-designed interventions to test hypotheses and to produce generalizable findings applicable to future donor decision making.
美国人口老龄化以及每年美国只有约5%的人献血这一证据引发了人们对未来能否确保充足、安全血液供应的担忧。几十年来，全球都在研究献血决策过程，以便更好地理解这一过程，从而提高献血效率、安全性、献血者留存率、献血量以及扩大献血者群体的多样性。本综述聚焦于异体献血者的特征、献血者决策中的动机来源，以及用于研究这些因素的研究概念和技术。一些被视为关键的历史研究以及近期的调查，可能与当前的全国献血者群体不相关或不具有代表性。对与献血者特征相关的数据进行解读时，应考察人口统计学特征是否反映了献血者群体，以助力有针对性的招募工作，或者考察有针对性的招募工作是否真的导致了所报告的人口统计学特征。近期发表的关于献血者动机的研究很少。值得通过科学合理的调查来探索现代的正负动机来源，这些调查要涉及具有代表性的队列，并采用多因素方法。专注于留住回头客献血者以及将首次献血者转变为重复献血者的策略将是有益的。还需要进行调查以评估研究问题，并制定精心设计的干预措施来检验假设，并得出适用于未来献血者决策的可推广结论。
