Schauer James J, Kleeman Michael J, Cass Glen R, Simoneit Bernd R T
Environmental Engineering Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Mar 15;36(6):1169-80. doi: 10.1021/es0108077.
Gas- and particle-phase organic compounds present in the tailpipe emissions from an in-use fleet of gasoline-powered automobiles and light-duty trucks were quantified using a two-stage dilution source sampling system. The vehicles were driven through the cold-start Federal Test Procedure (FTP) urban driving cycle on a transient dynamometer. Emission rates of 66 volatile hydrocarbons, 96 semi-volatile and particle-phase organic compounds, 27 carbonyls, and fine particle mass and chemical composition were quantified. Six isoprenoids and two tricyclic terpanes, which are quantified using new source sampling techniques for semi-volatile organic compounds, have been identified as potential tracers for gasoline-powered motor vehicle emissions. A composite of the commercially distributed California Phase II Reformulated Gasoline used in these tests was analyzed by several analytical methods to quantify the gasoline composition, including some organic compounds that are found in the atmosphere as semi-volatile and particle-phase organic compounds. These results allow a direct comparison of the semi-volatile and particle-phase organic compound emissions from gasoline-powered motor vehicles to the gasoline burned by these vehicles. The distribution of n-alkanes and isoprenoids emitted from the catalyst-equipped gasoline-powered vehicles is the same as the distribution of these compounds found in the gasoline used, whereas the distribution of these compounds in the emissions from the noncatalyst vehicles is very different from the distribution in the fuel. In contrast, the distribution of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methylated homologues in the gasoline is significantly different from the distribution of the PAH in the tailpipe emissions from both types of vehicles.
采用两阶段稀释源采样系统对在用汽油动力汽车和轻型卡车尾气排放中的气相和颗粒相有机化合物进行了定量分析。车辆在瞬态测功机上按照冷启动联邦测试程序（FTP）城市驾驶循环行驶。对66种挥发性碳氢化合物、96种半挥发性和颗粒相有机化合物、27种羰基化合物以及细颗粒物质量和化学成分的排放率进行了定量分析。利用新的半挥发性有机化合物源采样技术定量分析的六种异戊二烯和两种三环萜烯已被确定为汽油动力机动车排放的潜在示踪剂。通过几种分析方法对这些测试中使用的商业销售的加利福尼亚II期重整汽油进行了综合分析，以量化汽油成分，包括一些在大气中以半挥发性和颗粒相有机化合物形式存在的有机化合物。这些结果使得能够直接比较汽油动力机动车的半挥发性和颗粒相有机化合物排放与这些车辆燃烧的汽油。配备催化剂的汽油动力车辆排放的正构烷烃和异戊二烯的分布与所用汽油中这些化合物的分布相同，而非催化剂车辆排放中这些化合物的分布与燃料中的分布有很大不同。相比之下，汽油中多环芳烃及其甲基化同系物的分布与两类车辆尾气排放中多环芳烃的分布有显著差异。
