Benazzouz Abdelhamid, Breit Sorin, Koudsie Adnan, Pollak Pierre, Krack Paul, Benabid Alim-Louis
Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.318, University Hospital A. Michallon, Pavillon B, Grenoble, France.
Mov Disord. 2002;17 Suppl 3:S145-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.10156.
Microelectrode recordings of single unit neuronal activity were used during stereotactic surgery to define the subthalamic nucleus for chronic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. By using five parallel trajectories, often two to three microelectrodes allow us to recognize subthalamic nucleus (STN) neuronal activity. STN neurons were easily distinguished from cells of the overlying zona incerta and the underlying substantia nigra. During a typical exploratory track, we can observe a very low background noise in the zona incerta and almost complete absence of single cell recording. Penetration of the electrode tip into the STN is characterized by a sudden increase in background activity and single cell activity of spontaneously active neurons. The exit of electrode tip out of the STN corresponds to a decrease in background noise and a loss of single cell activity. Spontaneous neuronal activity increases again when the electrode tips enters the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr); however, the activity is less rich than in the STN, indicating a more cell-sparse nucleus. STN neurons are characterized by a mean firing rate of 42.30 +/- 22.00 spikes/sec (mean +/- SD). The STN cells exhibited irregular or bursty discharge pattern. The pattern of single cell activity in the SNr is a more regular tonic activity that can easily be distinguished from the bursting pattern in the STN. The most useful criteria to select a trajectory are (1) the length of an individual trajectory displaying typical STN activity, (2) the bursting pattern of activity, and (3) motor responses typical of the sensorimotor part of the nucleus. In conclusion, microelectrode recording of the subthalamic area improves the accuracy of targeting the STN.
在立体定向手术期间，使用微电极记录单个神经元活动，以确定用于帕金森病慢性深部脑刺激的丘脑底核。通过使用五条平行轨迹，通常两到三个微电极使我们能够识别丘脑底核（STN）神经元活动。STN神经元很容易与上方的未定带和下方的黑质细胞区分开来。在典型的探索轨迹中，我们可以观察到未定带背景噪声非常低，几乎没有单细胞记录。电极尖端进入STN的特征是背景活动和自发活动神经元的单细胞活动突然增加。电极尖端离开STN对应于背景噪声降低和单细胞活动丧失。当电极尖端进入黑质网状部（SNr）时，自发神经元活动再次增加；然而，其活动不如STN丰富，表明该核细胞更为稀疏。STN神经元的平均放电频率为42.30±22.00个峰/秒（平均值±标准差）。STN细胞表现出不规则或爆发性放电模式。SNr中的单细胞活动模式是更规则的紧张性活动，很容易与STN中的爆发性模式区分开来。选择轨迹最有用的标准是：（1）显示典型STN活动的单个轨迹的长度；（2）活动的爆发模式；（3）该核感觉运动部分典型的运动反应。总之，丘脑底区的微电极记录提高了靶向STN的准确性。
