Goldman J A
J Gen Psychol. 1975 Jul;93(2d Half):123-30.
Either five minutes or 48 hours following classical fear conditioning (CS paired with inescapable shock) four groups of rats were trained to jump a hurdle from the conditioning box into an adjoining box. During hurdle jumping one-half of the Ss in each delay condition had the CS present in both boxes, while for the remaining Ss it was absent (NCS). CS Ss performed better than NCSSs (p less than or equal to .005) and five-minute Ss performed better than 48-hour Ss (p less than or equal to .001). The results suggest (a) that there is a need for a drive concept in behavior theory, (b) that drive and reward combine additively, and (c) that there is a loss over 48 hours of fear conditioned to apparatus cues, but not of fear conditioned to the CS.
在经典恐惧条件反射（条件刺激与不可逃避的电击配对）后的五分钟或48小时，四组大鼠被训练从条件反射箱跳过一个障碍进入相邻的箱子。在跳栏过程中，每个延迟条件下的一半受试动物在两个箱子中都有条件刺激，而其余受试动物则没有（无CS）。有CS的受试动物比无CS的受试动物表现更好（p≤0.005），五分钟组的受试动物比48小时组的受试动物表现更好（p≤0.001）。结果表明：（a）行为理论中需要驱力概念；（b）驱力和奖励具有相加作用；（c）对装置线索的恐惧条件反射在48小时内消退，但对条件刺激的恐惧条件反射未消退。
