Bouton M E, King D A
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1983 Jul;9(3):248-65.
Four conditioned suppression experiments examined the influence of contextual stimuli on the rat's fear of an extinguished conditioned stimulus (CS). When rats received pairings of a CS with shock in one context and then extinction of the CS in another context, fear of the CS was renewed when the CS was returned to and tested in the original context (Experiments 1 and 3). No such renewal was obtained when the CS was tested in a second context after extinction had occurred in the conditioning context (Experiment 4). In Experiment 2, shocks presented following extinction reinstated fear of the CS, but only if they were presented in the context in which the CS was tested. In each experiment, the associative properties of the contexts were independently assessed. Contextual excitation was assessed primarily with context-preference tests in which the rats chose to sit in either the target context or an adjoining side compartment. Contextual inhibition was assessed with summation tests. Although reinstatement was correlated with demonstrable contextual excitation present during testing, the renewal effect was not. Moreover, there was no evidence that contextual inhibition developed during extinction. The results suggest that fear of an extinguished CS can be affected by the excitatory strength of the context but that independently demonstrable contextual excitation or inhibition is not necessary for contexts to control that fear.
四项条件性抑制实验研究了情境刺激对大鼠对已消退条件刺激（CS）的恐惧的影响。当大鼠在一种情境中接受CS与电击的配对，然后在另一种情境中对CS进行消退训练时，当CS被放回并在原始情境中进行测试时，对CS的恐惧会再次出现（实验1和3）。当在条件化情境中发生消退后，在第二种情境中对CS进行测试时，没有获得这种恐惧的恢复（实验4）。在实验2中，消退后呈现的电击恢复了对CS的恐惧，但前提是电击在测试CS的情境中呈现。在每个实验中，情境的联想性质都被独立评估。情境兴奋主要通过情境偏好测试来评估，在该测试中，大鼠选择坐在目标情境或相邻的侧室中。情境抑制通过总和测试来评估。虽然恢复与测试期间存在的明显情境兴奋相关，但恢复效应并非如此。此外，没有证据表明在消退过程中会产生情境抑制。结果表明，对已消退CS的恐惧可能会受到情境兴奋强度的影响，但情境要控制这种恐惧并不一定需要独立可证明的情境兴奋或抑制。
