Large Edward W, Fink Philip, Kelso J A Scott
Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, P.O. Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA.
Psychol Res. 2002 Feb;66(1):3-17. doi: 10.1007/s004260100069.
We address issues of synchronization to rhythms of musical complexity. In two experiments, synchronization to simple and more complex rhythmic sequences was investigated. Experiment 1 examined responses to phase and tempo perturbations within simple, structurally isochronous sequences, presented at different base rates. Experiment 2 investigated responses to similar perturbations embedded within more complex, metrically structured sequences; participants were explicitly instructed to synchronize at different metrical levels (i.e., tap at different rates to the same rhythmic patterns) on different trials. We found evidence that (1) the intrinsic tapping frequency adapts in response to temporal perturbations in both simple (isochronous) and complex (metrically structured) rhythms, (2) people can synchronize with unpredictable, metrically structured rhythms at different metrical levels, with qualitatively different patterns of synchronization seen at higher versus lower levels of metrical structure, and (3) synchronization at each tapping level reflects information from other metrical levels. The latter finding provides evidence for a dynamic and flexible internal representation of the sequence's metrical structure.
我们探讨了与音乐复杂度节奏同步的问题。在两项实验中，研究了与简单和更复杂节奏序列的同步情况。实验1考察了在不同基本速率下呈现的简单、结构等时的序列中对相位和节奏扰动的反应。实验2研究了嵌入更复杂、有节拍结构序列中的类似扰动的反应；明确指示参与者在不同试验中以不同节拍水平进行同步（即对相同节奏模式以不同速率敲击）。我们发现证据表明：（1）在简单（等时）和复杂（有节拍结构）节奏中，内在敲击频率会因时间扰动而调整；（2）人们能够在不同节拍水平与不可预测的、有节拍结构的节奏同步，在较高和较低节拍结构水平上观察到质的不同的同步模式；（3）每个敲击水平的同步反映了来自其他节拍水平的信息。后一发现为序列节拍结构的动态灵活内部表征提供了证据。
