Lazzari Giorgio, Sacheli Lucia Maria, Benoit Charles-Etienne, Lega Carlotta, van Vugt Floris T
Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2024 Oct 22;18:1472632. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1472632. eCollection 2024.
Music making is a process by which humans across cultures come together to create patterns of sounds that are aesthetically pleasing. What remains unclear is how this aesthetic outcome affects the sensorimotor interaction between participants.
Here we approach this question using an interpersonal sensorimotor synchronization paradigm to test whether the quality of a jointly created chord (consonant vs. dissonant) affects movement coordination. We recruited non-musician participants in dyads to perform a dyadic synchronization-continuation task (dSCT): on each trial, participants first synchronized their movements to a metronome (synchronization phase) and then continued tapping together at the same tempo without the metronome (continuation phase). Each tap yielded a note and participants heard both their own and that of their partner, thus creating a chord that was varied to be either consonant (Perf5 or Maj6) or dissonant (Min2 or Maj2). For each trial, participants also rated the pleasure they felt in creating the sounds together. Additionally, they completed questionnaires about social closeness to the other participant, musical reward sensitivity and musical training.
Results showed that participants' taps were closer in time when they jointly created consonant (high pleasure) vs. dissonant (low pleasure) chords, and that pleasure experienced by the dyad in each trial predicted interpersonal synchronization. However, consonance did not affect individual synchronization with the metronome or individual tapping when the metronome was discontinued. The effect of consonance on synchronization was greater in dyads who reported feeling less close prior to the task.
Together, these results highlight the role of consonance in shaping the temporal coordination of our actions with others. More broadly, this work shows that the aesthetic outcome of what we create together affects joint behaviors.
音乐创作是一个过程，不同文化背景的人们通过这个过程聚集在一起，创造出在美学上令人愉悦的声音模式。目前尚不清楚的是，这种美学成果如何影响参与者之间的感觉运动交互。
在这里，我们使用人际感觉运动同步范式来探讨这个问题，以测试共同创造的和弦质量（协和音程与不协和音程）是否会影响运动协调性。我们招募了非音乐家参与者组成双人组，执行双人同步 - 延续任务（dSCT）：在每次试验中，参与者首先将他们的动作与节拍器同步（同步阶段），然后在没有节拍器的情况下以相同的节奏继续一起敲击（延续阶段）。每次敲击产生一个音符，参与者既能听到自己的音符，也能听到伙伴的音符，从而创造出一个和弦，该和弦可以变化为协和音程（完全五度或大六度）或不协和音程（小二度或大二度）。对于每次试验，参与者还对他们共同创造声音时感受到的愉悦程度进行评分。此外，他们完成了关于与其他参与者的社会亲近感、音乐奖励敏感性和音乐训练的问卷。
结果表明，当参与者共同创造协和音程（高愉悦度）而非不协和音程（低愉悦度）的和弦时，他们的敲击在时间上更接近，并且双人组在每次试验中体验到的愉悦感预测了人际同步。然而，协和音程在节拍器停止时并不影响与节拍器的个体同步或个体敲击。协和音程对同步的影响在任务前报告感觉不太亲近的双人组中更大。
总之，这些结果突出了协和音程在塑造我们与他人行动的时间协调性方面的作用。更广泛地说，这项工作表明我们共同创造的美学成果会影响联合行为。
