Tu Alexander H, Girotto John A, Singh Navin, Dufresne Craig R, Robertson Bradley C, Seyfer Alan E, Manson Paul N, Iliff Nicholas
Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0981, USA.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 Apr 1;109(4):1259-65. doi: 10.1097/00006534-200204010-00008.
Dog bites are commonly associated with soft-tissue injury to the face but rarely result in facial fractures. This article reports six new cases of facial fractures associated with dog bites and reviews additional cases reported in the literature. The demographics of the patients attacked, the location of facial fractures, and the characteristics of associated soft-tissue injuries or complications developing from the dog bite are described. With six new cases and 10 from the literature, this article reviewed a total of 16 cases involving 27 facial fractures. Eighty-seven percent of the cases involved children less than 16 years of age. The periorbital or nasal bones were involved in 69 percent of the cases. Lacerations were the most frequently associated soft-tissue injury. Additional injuries included facial nerve damage, lacrimal duct damage requiring stenting and reconstruction, ptosis from levator transection, and blood loss requiring transfusion. Although facial fractures are not commonly considered to be associated with dog bite injuries, the index of suspicion for a fracture should be raised when the injury occurs in a child, particularly when injury occurs near the orbit, nose, and cheek.
犬咬伤通常与面部软组织损伤相关，但很少导致面部骨折。本文报告了6例与犬咬伤相关的面部骨折新病例，并回顾了文献中报道的其他病例。描述了被攻击患者的人口统计学特征、面部骨折的位置以及犬咬伤相关的软组织损伤或并发症的特点。结合6例新病例和文献中的10例病例，本文共回顾了16例涉及27处面部骨折的病例。87%的病例涉及16岁以下儿童。69%的病例累及眶周或鼻骨。撕裂伤是最常见的相关软组织损伤。其他损伤包括面神经损伤、需要支架置入和重建的泪道损伤、提上睑肌横断导致的上睑下垂以及需要输血的失血。尽管面部骨折通常不被认为与犬咬伤有关，但当儿童发生损伤时，尤其是损伤发生在眼眶、鼻子和脸颊附近时，应提高对骨折的怀疑指数。
