Lahti-Koski Marjaana, Pietinen Pirjo, Heliövaara Markku, Vartiainen Erkki
Departments of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):809-17. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.5.809.
Recent increases in the prevalence of obesity worldwide are suggested to be caused largely by an environment that promotes sedentariness and excessive food intake.
We investigated associations of body mass index (BMI) and obesity with physical activity, food choices, alcohol consumption, and smoking history. In addition, we examined the consistency of these associations over time, with the aim of assessing whether the significance of lifestyle variables as correlates of obesity increased over a 15-y period.
Independent cross-sectional surveys were carried out in 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997. Altogether, 24604 randomly selected men and women (aged 25-64 y) participated in these surveys. The subjects' weights and heights were measured, and data on lifestyle were collected with self-administered questionnaires.
In men and women, perceived general health, leisure-time physical activity, and daily vegetable consumption were inversely associated with obesity, as were bread consumption in women and activity at work in men. Consumption of sausages, milk, and sour milk and heavy work (in women only) were positively associated with obesity. Obesity was also associated with alcohol consumption and smoking history. Most associations were constant over the 15-y period. However, the inverse associations of BMI with physical activity in women and with perceived health in men seemed to strengthen over time.
A physically active lifestyle with abstention from smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, and consumption of healthy foods maximizes the chances of having a normal weight. The significance of avoiding sedentariness increases over time as a factor associated with normal weight.
全球肥胖患病率近期上升，很大程度上被认为是由促进久坐不动和过度饮食的环境所致。
我们调查了体重指数（BMI）和肥胖与身体活动、食物选择、饮酒及吸烟史之间的关联。此外，我们还研究了这些关联随时间的一致性，旨在评估生活方式变量作为肥胖相关因素的重要性在15年期间是否有所增加。
于1982年、1987年、1992年和1997年进行了独立的横断面调查。共有24604名随机选取的25至64岁男性和女性参与了这些调查。测量了受试者的体重和身高，并通过自填问卷收集了生活方式数据。
在男性和女性中，自我感知的总体健康状况、休闲时间的身体活动以及每日蔬菜摄入量与肥胖呈负相关，女性的面包摄入量和男性的工作活动量也与肥胖呈负相关。香肠、牛奶、酸奶的摄入量以及繁重工作（仅在女性中）与肥胖呈正相关。肥胖还与饮酒及吸烟史有关。大多数关联在15年期间保持稳定。然而，女性中BMI与身体活动以及男性中BMI与自我感知健康之间的负相关似乎随时间增强。
积极的生活方式，包括戒烟、适度饮酒以及食用健康食品，可使体重正常的几率最大化。随着时间推移，避免久坐作为与体重正常相关的一个因素，其重要性日益增加。
