Kauffmann J M
Université libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Pharmacie, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles - Belgique.
Ann Pharm Fr. 2002 Jan;60(1):28-37.
Biosensors are analytical devices which incorporate a biological component (enzyme, antibody, animal or plant cell, DNA fragments, lipids.) intimately connected to a physical transducer (electrode, optical fibre, vibrating quartz.). This dual configuration allows the study of a great variety of compounds of pharmaceutical interest which react with the biocomponent. The latter is selected depending on the application and the performance criteria requested. Biosensors are suitable for real time monitoring such as in bioreactors, and for the determination of various physiological and pharmacological parameters. Biosensors may be employed in home testing (glucose, lactate.), in hospitals (bedside testing, emergency, surgery, dialysis monitoring, etc.) in clinical laboratory analyses (immunoassays, DNA analysis.) and at research centres. Ideally, a biosensor should be easy to use, allowing direct analysis without sample pre-treatment. Measurements should be automatized and remote controlled. The biosensor may be miniaturized for single use or for implementation in sensor arrays. Applications to microenvironments (in vivo, single cell.) or discrete one shot decentralized tests may also considered.
生物传感器是一种分析装置，它将生物成分（酶、抗体、动植物细胞、DNA片段、脂质等）与物理换能器（电极、光纤、石英晶体等）紧密相连。这种双重结构使得能够研究与生物成分发生反应的多种具有药学意义的化合物。生物成分根据应用和所需的性能标准来选择。生物传感器适用于实时监测，如在生物反应器中，以及用于测定各种生理和药理参数。生物传感器可用于家庭检测（如葡萄糖、乳酸检测等）、医院（床边检测、急诊、手术、透析监测等）、临床实验室分析（免疫测定、DNA分析等）以及研究中心。理想情况下，生物传感器应易于使用，无需样品预处理即可直接进行分析。测量应实现自动化并可远程控制。生物传感器可以小型化以便一次性使用或用于传感器阵列中。也可以考虑将其应用于微环境（体内、单细胞）或离散的一次性分散测试。
