Wakabayashi Akio
Division of Psychology, Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Letters, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 2002 Feb;72(6):465-74. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.72.465.
The relationship between coping styles and stress responses of teachers was examined in an experiment. With the scores of Manifest Anxiety and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scales, teacher-participants were classified into four groups of six each; repressor, sensitizer, low-anxious, and defensive-anxious. Then, they performed a word-association task, and were individually interviewed by a woman they met for first time. Intermittently during the sessions, the participant rated own state anxiety; heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were monitored; and reaction time and successful recall rate on the task were recorded. Results were as follows: Repressors showed high state anxiety and a significantly greater increase in HR, but a smaller increase in SCL than the others. In contrast, sensitizers showed low state anxiety and a significantly greater increase in SCL. The low-anxious showed high state anxiety at the beginning which decreased immediately, and remained at an intermediate and steady physiological arousal level, except SCL. The defensive-anxious showed low state anxiety and low HR. On the whole, it was suggested that coping styles could predict stress responses.
在一项实验中，研究了教师应对方式与应激反应之间的关系。根据明尼苏达多相人格测验焦虑量表（Manifest Anxiety Scale）和马洛-克劳恩社会赞许性量表（Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale）的得分，将教师参与者分为四组，每组六人，分别为压抑型、敏感型、低焦虑型和防御性焦虑型。然后，他们进行了一项词语联想任务，并与一位初次见面的女性进行单独面谈。在面谈过程中，参与者间歇性地对自己的状态焦虑进行评分；监测心率（HR）和皮肤电导率水平（SCL）；记录任务中的反应时间和成功回忆率。结果如下：压抑型表现出较高的状态焦虑，心率显著升高，但皮肤电导率水平的升高幅度小于其他组。相比之下，敏感型表现出较低的状态焦虑，皮肤电导率水平显著升高。低焦虑型在开始时表现出较高的状态焦虑，但随后立即下降，并保持在中等且稳定的生理唤醒水平，皮肤电导率水平除外。防御性焦虑型表现出较低的状态焦虑和较低的心率。总体而言，研究表明应对方式可以预测应激反应。
