Suzuki Shin-ichi, Kumano Hiroaki, Sakano Yuji
Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Japan.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2003 Feb;47(2):117-28. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(02)00120-4.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of coping processes on psychophysiological and psychological responses in stressful settings. In particular, we focused on the effects of a combination of active and avoidant coping processes. Subjects were 40 healthy undergraduate male students (mean=19.80, S.D.=0.97) who were randomly divided into four groups: (a) an effort coping group in which a subject faced a controllable stressor mobilizing an effortful and active coping behavior for a reward; (b) a distress coping group in which a subject faced a distressful stressor mobilizing an avoidant coping behavior for threat of punishment; (c) an effort-distress coping group in which a subject faced an ambivalent stressor mobilizing active coping behavior for a reward and avoidant coping behavior for threat of punishment; and (d) a control group. Initially, the effects of effort coping, distress coping, and effort-distress coping on psychophysiological and psychological responses were investigated. It was found that effort coping and effort-distress coping intensified cardiovascular responses, particularly blood pressure, and that distress coping and effort-distress coping intensified skin conductance level (SCL). Secondarily, the relationships between effort coping process, distress coping process, psychophysiological responses, and psychological responses were investigated. As a result of cluster analysis, the changes of heart rate and blood pressure were correlated to the change of the effort score, and the changes of SCL and psychological responses were correlated to the change of the distress score. These findings suggest that active coping processes and avoidant coping processes independently affect different response systems.
本研究的目的是调查应对过程对压力情境下心理生理和心理反应的影响。具体而言，我们关注积极应对和回避应对过程相结合的影响。研究对象为40名健康的本科男性学生（平均年龄=19.80，标准差=0.97），他们被随机分为四组：（a）努力应对组，在该组中，受试者面对可控压力源，为获得奖励而调动努力且积极的应对行为；（b）痛苦应对组，在该组中，受试者面对令人痛苦的压力源，为避免惩罚威胁而调动回避应对行为；（c）努力-痛苦应对组，在该组中，受试者面对矛盾的压力源，为获得奖励而调动积极应对行为，为避免惩罚威胁而调动回避应对行为；以及（d）对照组。首先，研究了努力应对、痛苦应对和努力-痛苦应对对心理生理和心理反应的影响。结果发现，努力应对和努力-痛苦应对会增强心血管反应，尤其是血压，而痛苦应对和努力-痛苦应对会增强皮肤电导率水平（SCL）。其次，研究了努力应对过程、痛苦应对过程、心理生理反应和心理反应之间的关系。聚类分析结果显示，心率和血压的变化与努力得分的变化相关，SCL和心理反应的变化与痛苦得分的变化相关。这些发现表明，积极应对过程和回避应对过程独立地影响不同的反应系统。
