Brown Julie C
Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98105-0371, USA.
Br Med Bull. 2002;61:189-202. doi: 10.1093/bmb/61.1.189.
Croup is a common paediatric respiratory illness involving inflammation and narrowing of the subglottic region of the larynx, frequently precipitated by viral infections. Treatment is aimed at decreasing symptoms and reducing inflammation. Glucocorticoids are effective by oral, parenteral or nebulized routes, and continue to provide the mainstay of therapy. The common oral dexamethasone dose (0.6 mg/kg) may exceed the dose required for good clinical efficacy. Nebulized epinephrine provides effective additional therapy for more severe cases. L-epinephrine appears to be comparable to racemic epinephrine, although further study is warranted. Limited data suggest that heliox is also effective in the short-term management of refractory croup. The use of humidified oxygen remains controversial, as good data are lacking.
哮吼是一种常见的儿科呼吸道疾病，涉及喉部声门下区域的炎症和狭窄，通常由病毒感染引发。治疗旨在减轻症状和减轻炎症。糖皮质激素通过口服、胃肠外给药或雾化吸入途径均有效，并且仍然是治疗的主要手段。常用的口服地塞米松剂量（0.6毫克/千克）可能超过达到良好临床疗效所需的剂量。雾化吸入肾上腺素为更严重的病例提供有效的辅助治疗。左旋肾上腺素似乎与消旋肾上腺素效果相当，不过仍需进一步研究。有限的数据表明，氦氧混合气在难治性哮吼的短期治疗中也有效。由于缺乏充分的数据，使用湿化氧气仍存在争议。
