Petrocheilou Argyri, Tanou Kalliopi, Kalampouka Efthimia, Malakasioti Georgia, Giannios Christos, Kaditis Athanasios G
Cystic Fibrosis Center, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014 May;49(5):421-9. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22993. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
Viral croup is a frequent disease in early childhood. Although it is usually self-limited, it may occasionally become life-threatening. Mild croup is characterized by the presence of stridor without intercostal retractions, whereas moderate-to-severe croup is accompanied by increased work of breathing. A single dose of orally administered dexamethasone (0.15-0.6 mg/kg) is the mainstay of treatment with addition of nebulized epinephrine only in cases of moderate-to-severe croup. Nebulized budesonide (2 mg) can be given alternatively to children who do not tolerate oral dexamethasone. Exposure to cold air or administration of cool mist are treatment interventions for viral croup that are not supported by published evidence, but breathing heliox can potentially reduce the work of breathing related to upper airway obstruction. In summary, corticosteroids may decrease the intensity of viral croup symptoms irrespective to their severity on presentation to the emergency department.
病毒性喉炎是幼儿期的常见疾病。虽然它通常是自限性的，但偶尔也可能危及生命。轻度喉炎的特征是有喘鸣但无肋间凹陷，而中重度喉炎伴有呼吸做功增加。口服单剂量地塞米松（0.15 - 0.6毫克/千克）是主要治疗方法，仅在中重度喉炎病例中加用雾化肾上腺素。对于不能耐受口服地塞米松的儿童，可改用雾化布地奈德（2毫克）。暴露于冷空气或给予冷雾是病毒性喉炎的治疗干预措施，但尚无公开证据支持，不过吸入氦氧混合气可能会减轻与上气道阻塞相关的呼吸做功。总之，无论在急诊科就诊时病毒性喉炎症状的严重程度如何，皮质类固醇均可减轻其症状的严重程度。
