Arber S
Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England.
Soc Sci Med. 1997 Mar;44(6):773-87. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00185-2.
Data on over 20,000 women and men aged 20-59 are analysed from the British General Household Survey for 1991 and 1992, showing the importance of separately analysing educational qualifications, occupational class and employment status for both women and men. Own occupational class and employment status are the key structural factors associated with limiting long-standing illness, but educational qualifications are particularly good predictors of women's self-assessed health. Class inequalities in health are less pronounced among women who are not in paid work. Women's limiting long-standing illness relates solely to their own labour market characteristics, whereas self-assessed health relates to wider aspects of women's everyday lives, including their household material conditions, and for married women, their partner's occupational class and employment status. Men's unemployment has adverse consequences for the health of their wives, which occurs through the mechanism of the family living in disadvantaged material circumstances. Women's labour market position and role in the family have undergone substantial changes since the 1970s. Approaches to measuring inequalities in women's health need to reflect changes in women's employment participation and changes in marital status and living arrangements.
对1991年和1992年英国综合住户调查中2万多名年龄在20至59岁之间的男女数据进行了分析，结果表明分别分析男女的教育程度、职业阶层和就业状况非常重要。自身的职业阶层和就业状况是与限制长期疾病相关的关键结构因素，但教育程度对女性自我评估的健康状况而言是特别好的预测指标。在没有带薪工作的女性中，健康方面的阶层不平等不太明显。女性的长期限制疾病仅与她们自身的劳动力市场特征有关，而自我评估的健康状况则与女性日常生活的更广泛方面有关，包括她们的家庭物质条件，对于已婚女性来说，还与她们伴侣的职业阶层和就业状况有关。男性失业会对其妻子的健康产生不利影响，这是通过家庭生活在物质条件不利的环境这一机制发生的。自20世纪70年代以来，女性在劳动力市场的地位及其在家庭中的角色发生了重大变化。衡量女性健康不平等的方法需要反映女性就业参与情况的变化以及婚姻状况和生活安排的变化。
