Altman J, Sudarshan K
Anim Behav. 1975 Nov;23(4):896-920. doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(75)90114-1.
In laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 1 to 21 days emergence of postural and locomotor skills was studied in the open field and in experimental situations with homing used as motivation. Righting is mediated initially by curving and rocking of the trunk, later head and shoulder are rotated, and lastly the hindlimbs turn and provide co-ordinated support. Pivoting prodominates during the second half of the first week, crawling during most of the second week, and walking or running by the end of the second week. Balancing on narrow paths and compensating for lateral displacement on rotating rods mature later, as do various skills (climbing up or down on inclined surfaces, rods and ropes, and jumping across gaps) that require substantial hindlimb co-ordiantion.
在1至21日龄的实验大鼠（褐家鼠）中，在旷场以及以归巢为动机的实验情境下，研究了姿势和运动技能的出现情况。翻正最初是通过躯干的弯曲和摇晃来介导的，随后头部和肩部旋转，最后后肢转动并提供协调支撑。在第一周的后半段，枢转占主导，第二周的大部分时间里是爬行，到第二周结束时则是行走或奔跑。在狭窄路径上保持平衡以及补偿旋转杆上的侧向位移成熟得较晚，需要大量后肢协调的各种技能（在倾斜表面、杆和绳索上爬上或爬下以及跳过间隙）也是如此。
