Host modulation: conceptualization to clinical trials and integration into clinical practice.

A better understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis has resulted in pharmacotherapeutic advancements, addressing both the microbes and the host response, leading to improved management of this chronic progressive disease by the dental practitioner. The adjunctive use of host-modulatory agents can enhance therapeutic responses, slow the progression of the disease, and allow for more-predictable management of patients. This article will review the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with periodontitis and address in detail the concept and clinical utility of host modulation as a therapeutic strategy.