Sato Reiko, Helzlsouer Kathy J, Alberg Anthony J, Hoffman Sandra C, Norkus Edward P, Comstock George W
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 May;11(5):451-7.
Previous prospective studies have raised the possibility that the antioxidantproperties of carotenoids and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and the role of vitamin A (retinol) in cellular differentiation may be associated with a reduced risk of subsequent breast cancer. To investigate the association between serum and plasma concentrations of retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, total-carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol with subsequent development of breast cancer, a nested case control study was conducted among female residents of Washington County, Maryland, who had donated blood for a serum bank in 1974 or 1989. Cases (n = 295) and controls (n = 295) were matched on age, race, menopausal status, and date of blood donation, and the analyses were stratified by cohort participation. Median concentrations of beta-carotene, lycopene, and total carotene were significantly lower in cases compared with controls in the 1974 cohort (13.1, 12.5, and 7.9% difference; P = 0.01, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively) and for lutein in the 1989 cohort (6.7% difference; P = 0.02). The risk of developing breast cancer in the highest fifth was approximately half of that of women in the lowest fifth for beta-carotene [odds ratio (OR) = 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.79; P trend = 0.007], lycopene (OR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.29-1.06; P trend = 0.04), and total carotene (OR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.29-1.03; P trend = 0.02) in the 1974 cohort. There was generally a protective association for other micronutrients in both cohorts, although none reached statistical significance. The results suggest that carotenoids may protect against the development of breast cancer.
以往的前瞻性研究提出，类胡萝卜素和维生素E（α-生育酚）的抗氧化特性以及维生素A（视黄醇）在细胞分化中的作用可能与降低后续患乳腺癌的风险有关。为了研究血清和血浆中视黄醇、棕榈酸视黄酯、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素、番茄红素、总类胡萝卜素、α-生育酚和γ-生育酚的浓度与后续患乳腺癌之间的关联，在马里兰州华盛顿县的女性居民中进行了一项巢式病例对照研究，这些女性在1974年或1989年曾为血清库献血。病例（n = 295）和对照（n = 295）按年龄、种族、绝经状态和献血日期进行匹配，分析按队列参与情况分层。在1974年队列中，病例组的β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和总胡萝卜素的中位数浓度显著低于对照组（差异分别为13.1%、12.5%和7.9%；P = 0.01、0.04和0.04），在1989年队列中，叶黄素的中位数浓度显著低于对照组（差异为6.7%；P = 0.02）。在1974年队列中，最高五分位数组患乳腺癌的风险约为最低五分位数组女性的一半，β-胡萝卜素[比值比（OR）= 0.41；95%置信区间（CI）0.22 - 0.79；P趋势 = 0.（此处原文有误，应为0.007）]、番茄红素（OR = 0.55；95% CI 0.29 - 1.06；P趋势 = 0.04）和总胡萝卜素（OR = 0.55；95% CI 0.29 - 1.03；P趋势 = 0.02）。在两个队列中，其他微量营养素通常都有保护关联，尽管没有一个达到统计学显著性。结果表明，类胡萝卜素可能预防乳腺癌的发生。
