Artinian Nancy T, Magnan Morris, Sloan Michelle, Lange M Patricia
College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Heart Lung. 2002 May-Jun;31(3):161-72. doi: 10.1067/mhl.2002.123672.
One way to prevent frequent hospitalizations and promote positive health outcomes among patients with heart failure (HF) is to ensure that the amount and quality of self-care used is appropriate to the patient's situation.
The following are the purposes of this study: (a) examine the frequency of performance of self-care behaviors, (b) describe personal and environmental factors (basic conditioning factors [BCFs]) that affect self-care behaviors, and (c) describe the relationship between the level of knowledge patients have to empower their performance of self-care and the actual performance of self-care behaviors.
This descriptive correlational study was guided by Orem's theory of self-care. One hundred ten participants, predominantly African Americans, who were outpatients or inpatients ready for hospital discharge, 18 years or older, and diagnosed with HF that was confirmed by an ejection fraction of 40% or less were conveniently selected from 1 of 2 sites. Data were collected with 2 investigator-developed instruments: the Revised Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale and the Heart Failure Knowledge Test. Descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and t tests for independent samples were used to analyze the data.
Three of the top 5 most frequently performed self-care behaviors were related to taking prescribed medications, and the 5 least frequently performed self-care behaviors were concerned with symptom monitoring or management. There were no significant relationships between the total self-care behavior score and any of the BCFs; however, a number of significant relationships between BCFs and individual self-care behaviors were observed. There was a significant relationship between the mean total knowledge score and the total mean self-care score (r = 0.21, P =.026).
Detailed information about the influence of BCFs on the performance of specific HF self-care behaviors can help nurses tailor interventions to the patient's situation.
预防心力衰竭（HF）患者频繁住院并促进其获得积极健康结果的一种方法是确保自我护理的量和质量与患者的情况相适应。
本研究的目的如下：（a）检查自我护理行为的执行频率，（b）描述影响自我护理行为的个人和环境因素（基本调节因素[BCFs]），以及（c）描述患者用于增强自我护理能力的知识水平与自我护理行为的实际执行之间的关系。
本描述性相关性研究以奥瑞姆自我护理理论为指导。从两个地点中的一个方便地选取了110名参与者，他们主要是非洲裔美国人，年龄在18岁及以上，是准备出院的门诊患者或住院患者，且被诊断为心力衰竭，射血分数为40%或更低。使用两种研究者开发的工具收集数据：修订后的心力衰竭自我护理行为量表和心力衰竭知识测试。使用描述性统计、相关性分析和独立样本t检验来分析数据。
最常执行的5种自我护理行为中有3种与服用处方药有关，而最少执行的5种自我护理行为与症状监测或管理有关。自我护理行为总分与任何基本调节因素之间均无显著关系；然而，观察到基本调节因素与个体自我护理行为之间存在一些显著关系。平均总知识得分与总平均自我护理得分之间存在显著关系（r = 0.21，P = 0.026）。
关于基本调节因素对特定心力衰竭自我护理行为执行影响的详细信息可以帮助护士根据患者情况调整干预措施。
