Kurup Viswanath P, Grunig Gabriele
Allergy-Immunology Division, Medical College of Wisconsin and V A Medical Center, Milwaukee 53295, USA.
Mycopathologia. 2002;153(4):165-77. doi: 10.1023/a:1014963600314.
Among the allergic fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus, a saprophytic mold, distributed widely in the environment is a frequently recognized etiologic agent in a number of allergic conditions. Among the different allergic diseases caused by this fungus, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is by far the most significant one. The immunopathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. Although several immunomodulatory treatments are available for allergic disease, none of them are applicable or relevant or useful in fungal induced allergy. It is essential to understand the pathogenesis of the disease including the antigen induced immunoregulation and the resulting factors, such as cytokine, chemokines, pathways activating factors, inflammatory and airway remodeling factors need to be understood for intervening with appropriate treatment. Animal models are essential in understanding these features of the disease. Several models of allergic aspergillosis have been developed in recent years in various animals. However, murine models have been studied more carefully and extensively. The exposure to antigen in mice leads to allergy very similar to ABPA with high IgE, elevated peripheral blood and lung eosinophils, pulmonary inflammation, and airway hyperreactivity. The role of various cytokines and chemokines and their receptors were also studied. In addition, immunotherapy and vaccination have been attempted in recent years using the murine model of ABPA. This review covers the murine model of Aspergillus induced allergy and asthma and presented critically our current understanding of the subject and the potential application of such a model in future for developing treatment modalities.
在变应性真菌中，烟曲霉作为一种腐生霉菌，广泛分布于环境中，是多种变应性疾病中常见的病原体。在由这种真菌引起的不同变应性疾病中，变应性支气管肺曲霉病（ABPA）是迄今为止最为严重的一种。该病的免疫发病机制尚未完全明确。尽管有几种免疫调节治疗方法可用于变应性疾病，但它们均不适用于、也不相关或无助于真菌诱发的过敏反应。了解疾病的发病机制至关重要，包括抗原诱导的免疫调节以及诸如细胞因子、趋化因子、信号通路激活因子、炎症和气道重塑因子等相关因素，以便进行适当的治疗干预。动物模型对于理解疾病的这些特征至关重要。近年来，已在多种动物中建立了几种变应性曲霉病模型。然而，对小鼠模型的研究更为细致和广泛。小鼠接触抗原后会引发与ABPA非常相似的过敏反应，表现为高IgE、外周血和肺嗜酸性粒细胞增多、肺部炎症以及气道高反应性。还研究了各种细胞因子、趋化因子及其受体的作用。此外，近年来已尝试使用ABPA小鼠模型进行免疫治疗和疫苗接种。本综述涵盖了曲霉诱发的变应性疾病和哮喘的小鼠模型，并批判性地阐述了我们目前对该主题的理解以及这种模型在未来开发治疗方法方面的潜在应用。
