Olfson Mark, Marcus Steven C, Weissman Myrna M, Jensen Peter S
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 May;41(5):514-21. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200205000-00008.
Little information exists on national trends in the use of psychotropic medication by children and adolescents. The objective of this report is to compare patterns and predictors of psychotropic medication use by children and adolescents in the United States in 1987 and 1996.
An analysis of medication use data is presented from two nationally representative surveys of the general population focusing on children 18 years of age and younger who used one or more prescribed psychotropic medication during the survey years. Rates of stimulant, antidepressant, and other psychotropic medication use are reported.
The overall annual rate of psychotropic medication use by children increased from 1.4 per 100 persons in 1987 to 3.9 in 1996 (p < .0001). Significant increases were found in the rate of stimulant use (0.6 per 100 persons to 2.4 per 100 persons), antidepressant use (0.3 per 100 persons to 1.0 per 100 persons), other psychotropic medications (0.6 per 100 persons to 1.2 per 100 persons), and coprescription of different classes of psychotropic medications (0.03 per 100 persons to 0.23 per 100 persons), especially antidepressants and stimulants. Rates of antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use remained stable. In 1996, stimulant use was especially common in children aged 6 to 14 years (4.1 per 100), and antidepressant use was common in children aged 15 to 18 years (2.1 per 100 persons).
Between 1987 and 1996, there was a marked expansion in use of psychotropic medications by children, especially stimulants and antidepressants.
关于儿童和青少年使用精神药物的全国趋势，现有信息较少。本报告的目的是比较1987年和1996年美国儿童和青少年使用精神药物的模式及预测因素。
对两次具有全国代表性的普通人群调查中的药物使用数据进行分析，调查对象为18岁及以下在调查年份使用过一种或多种处方精神药物的儿童。报告了兴奋剂、抗抑郁药及其他精神药物的使用比率。
儿童使用精神药物的总体年比率从1987年的每100人中有1.4人增加到1996年的每100人中有3.9人（p < .0001）。兴奋剂使用比率显著增加（从每100人中有0.6人增至每100人中有2.4人）、抗抑郁药使用比率显著增加（从每100人中有0.3人增至每100人中有1.0人）、其他精神药物使用比率显著增加（从每100人中有0.6人增至每100人中有1.2人），以及不同类精神药物的联合处方比率显著增加（从每100人中有0.03人增至每100人中有0.23人），尤其是抗抑郁药和兴奋剂。抗精神病药和苯二氮䓬类药物的使用比率保持稳定。1996年，兴奋剂使用在6至14岁儿童中尤为常见（每100人中有4.1人），抗抑郁药使用在15至18岁儿童中较为常见（每100人中有2.1人）。
1987年至1996年间，儿童使用精神药物的情况显著增加，尤其是兴奋剂和抗抑郁药。
