Sveen K
Int J Oral Surg. 1979 Aug;8(4):301-6. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9785(79)80052-6.
A clinical study of local anesthetic solutions with and without epinephrine was conducted involving 32 healthy adults requiring removal of bony impacted mandibular third molars. The time elapsing from the administration of the anesthetic solution until analgesia was obtained was significantly shorter in the vasoconstrictor group (P less than 0.001). Additional anesthetic was necessary in 44% of the patients in the control group. The blood loss in the vasoconstrictor group was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than in the group receiving anesthetic solution without the vasoconstrictor. No statistically significant difference in operation time between the groups was found, although the profuse bleeding in the control group impeded to some extent the surgical procedure. A positive correlation coefficient between operation time and blood loss of r = 0.65 in the vasoconstrictor group (P less than 0.006) and r = 0.77 in the control group (P less than 0.001) was found. Hemorrhage occurring 24 h postoperatively was recorded in 37% of the subjects in the vasoconstrictor group, and of these 83% revealed a healing of the socket by second intention.
对32名需要拔除下颌骨阻生第三磨牙的健康成年人进行了一项关于含肾上腺素和不含肾上腺素局部麻醉溶液的临床研究。血管收缩剂组从给予麻醉溶液到获得镇痛的时间明显更短（P小于0.001）。对照组44%的患者需要追加麻醉剂。血管收缩剂组的失血量明显低于（P小于0.001）接受不含血管收缩剂麻醉溶液的组。尽管对照组的大量出血在一定程度上阻碍了手术进程，但两组之间的手术时间没有统计学上的显著差异。血管收缩剂组手术时间与失血量的正相关系数r = 0.65（P小于0.006），对照组r = 0.77（P小于0.001）。血管收缩剂组37%的受试者记录到术后24小时发生出血，其中83%显示拔牙窝通过二期愈合。
