Gutman Leslie Morrison, Sameroff Arnold J, Eccles Jacquelynne S
Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0406, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2002 Jun;30(3):367-99. doi: 10.1023/A:1015389103911.
This study examined the effects of multiple risk, promotive, and protective factors on three achievement-related measures (i.e., grade point average, number of absences, and math achievement test scores) for African American 7th-grade students (n = 837). There were 3 main findings. First, adolescents had lower grade point averages, more absences, and lower achievement test scores as their exposure to risk factors increased. Second, different promotive and protective factors emerged as significant contributors depending on the nature of the achievement-related outcome that was being assessed. Third, protective factors were identified whose effects were magnified in the presence of multiple risks. Results were discussed in light of the developmental tasks facing adolescents and the contexts in which youth exposed to multiple risks and their families live.
本研究考察了多种风险、促进和保护因素对837名非裔美国七年级学生的三项学业成绩相关指标（即平均绩点、缺勤次数和数学成绩测试分数）的影响。主要有三项发现。第一，随着青少年接触风险因素的增加，他们的平均绩点更低、缺勤次数更多、成绩测试分数更低。第二，根据所评估的学业成绩相关结果的性质，不同的促进和保护因素成为显著的影响因素。第三，识别出了一些保护因素，其在存在多种风险的情况下作用会被放大。结合青少年面临的发展任务以及青少年及其家庭所处的环境，对研究结果进行了讨论。
