Wright J T, Hart T C
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
J Dent Educ. 2002 May;66(5):659-71.
Information from the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the integration of information from related areas of study and technology will dramatically change health care for the craniofacial complex. Approaches to risk assessment and diagnosis, prevention, early intervention, and management of craniofacial conditions are and will continue to evolve through the application of this new knowledge. While this information will advance our health care abilities, it is clear that the dental profession will face challenges regarding the acquisition, application, transfer, and effective and efficient use of this knowledge with regards to dental research, dental education, and clinical practice. Unraveling the human genomic sequence now allows accurate diagnosis of numerous craniofacial conditions. However, the greatest oral disease burden results from dental caries and periodontal disease that are complex disorders having both hereditary and environmental factors determining disease risk, progression, and course. Disease risk assessment, prevention, and therapy, based on knowledge from the HGP, will likely vary markedly for the different complex conditions affecting the head and neck. Integration of Information from the human genome, comparative and microbial genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and related technologies will provide the basis for proactive prevention and intervention and novel and more efficient treatment approaches. Oral health care practitioners will increasingly require knowledge of human genetics and the application of new molecular-based diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.
人类基因组计划（HGP）所提供的信息以及相关研究和技术领域信息的整合，将极大地改变颅面部的医疗保健状况。通过应用这些新知识，颅面部疾病的风险评估与诊断、预防、早期干预及管理方法已经并将持续演变。虽然这些信息将提升我们的医疗保健能力，但显然牙科行业在获取、应用、传播以及有效且高效地利用这些与牙科研究、牙科教育和临床实践相关的知识方面将面临挑战。解开人类基因组序列如今已能实现对众多颅面部疾病的准确诊断。然而，最大的口腔疾病负担源自龋齿和牙周病，它们是复杂的病症，具有遗传和环境因素共同决定疾病风险、进展及病程。基于人类基因组计划的知识进行疾病风险评估、预防和治疗，对于影响头颈部的不同复杂病症而言可能会有显著差异。整合来自人类基因组、比较基因组学和微生物基因组学、蛋白质组学、生物信息学及相关技术的信息，将为积极预防和干预以及新颖且更高效的治疗方法提供基础。口腔保健从业者将越来越需要了解人类遗传学以及应用基于分子的新诊断和治疗技术。
