Almeida Adriana P, Fonseca Homero, Fancelli Antônio Luiz, Direito Glória Maria, Ortega Edwin M, Corrêa Benedito
Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374 São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900.
J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Jun 19;50(13):3877-82. doi: 10.1021/jf011531p.
The present study aimed to analyze the mycoflora and potential mycotoxin contamination of soil and corn samples collected at different plant maturity stages in Capão Bonito and Ribeirão Preto, two regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. In addition, the data obtained were correlated with the occurrence of wind-dispersed fungi and the predominant climatic conditions of the two regions studied. Corn mycoflora profiles showed that Fusarium verticillioides prevailed in 35% of the samples from Capão Bonito and in 49% of the samples from Ribeirão Preto. Examination of wind-dispersed fungi also revealed a high incidence of F. verticillioides. Soil mycoflora analyses showed that Penicilliumwas the most prevalent genus, although F. verticillioides was present in 55.5% of Capão Bonito's samples and in 26.7% of Ribeirão Preto's samples. With respect to water activity, the corn kernels most contaminated with F. verticillioides had water activity levels of 0.70-0.80. HPLC analysis of fumonisins revealed that 88.5% of Capão Bonito's kernels were contaminated with fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) (0.09-10.87 microg/g) and 53.8% with fumonisin B(2) (FB(2)) (0.05-0.52 microg/g); Ribeirão Preto's kernels presented contamination levels of 93.5% for FB(1) (0.11-17.69 microg/g) and 61.3% for FB(2) (0.05-5.24 microg/g). No aflatoxins were detected by thin-layer chromatography in corn grains of either region. The concomitant occurrence of F. verticillioides and fumonisins in most of the field corn assayed demonstrates the importance of an effective control of cultivation throughout the plant maturity stages.
本研究旨在分析巴西圣保罗州两个地区卡庞博尼托和里贝朗普雷图在不同植物成熟阶段采集的土壤和玉米样品中的真菌菌群以及潜在的霉菌毒素污染情况。此外，将获得的数据与空气传播真菌的出现情况以及所研究的两个地区的主要气候条件相关联。玉米真菌菌群概况表明，轮枝镰孢菌在卡庞博尼托35%的样品和里贝朗普雷图49%的样品中占主导地位。对空气传播真菌的检测还显示轮枝镰孢菌的发生率很高。土壤真菌菌群分析表明，青霉属是最普遍的属，不过轮枝镰孢菌存在于卡庞博尼托55.5%的样品和里贝朗普雷图26.7%的样品中。就水分活度而言，受轮枝镰孢菌污染最严重的玉米粒的水分活度水平为0.70 - 0.80。伏马毒素的高效液相色谱分析表明，卡庞博尼托88.5%的玉米粒被伏马毒素B1（FB1）污染（0.09 - 10.87微克/克），53.8%被伏马毒素B2（FB2）污染（0.05 - 0.52微克/克）；里贝朗普雷图的玉米粒中FB1的污染水平为93.5%（0.11 - 17.69微克/克），FB2的污染水平为61.3%（0.05 - 5.24微克/克）。两个地区的玉米籽粒经薄层色谱法检测均未检出黄曲霉毒素。在所检测的大多数田间玉米中，轮枝镰孢菌和伏马毒素同时出现，这表明在整个植物成熟阶段有效控制种植的重要性。
