Lewkowicz David J
New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York, NY 10314, USA.
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2002 Jun;14(1):41-63. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00060-5.
It is now well established that a variety of intersensory perceptual skills emerge in early human development. Empirical evidence from studies in the author's as well as other laboratories charting the developmental emergence of these abilities is reviewed. The evidence is considered in terms of the currently dominant theoretical view of intersensory development that assigns the detection of amodal invariants a primary and foundational role. It is argued that this view is inadequate because the detection of amodal invariants is only one of three distinct intersensory integration processes. It is noted that the other two processes, namely, intersensory association of modality-specific cues and non-specific effects of stimulation in one modality on responsiveness to stimulation in another modality, are equally important and that the operation of all three and, in particular, the relation between them, must be studied to attain a complete understanding of intersensory perceptual development. It is suggested that the theoretical approach to the development of intersensory perception should be broadened to include all three types of processes and that developmental studies must respect basic facts and principles of development. To this end, a developmental systems approach is proposed that holds that the development of intersensory integration consists of the heterochronous emergence of heterogeneous perceptual skills.
现在已经充分证实，多种跨感觉通道的感知技能在人类早期发育过程中出现。本文回顾了作者所在实验室以及其他实验室关于这些能力发育出现情况的实证研究证据。这些证据是根据目前占主导地位的跨感觉通道发育理论观点来考量的，该观点认为对非模态不变量的检测具有首要和基础性作用。本文认为这种观点是不充分的，因为对非模态不变量的检测只是三种不同的跨感觉通道整合过程之一。需要指出的是，另外两个过程，即特定模态线索的跨感觉通道关联以及一种模态中的刺激对另一种模态中刺激反应性的非特定影响，同样重要，并且必须研究这三个过程的运作，尤其是它们之间的关系，才能全面理解跨感觉通道感知发育。本文建议，跨感觉通道感知发育的理论方法应予以拓宽，以涵盖所有三种类型的过程，并且发育研究必须尊重发育的基本事实和原则。为此，提出了一种发育系统方法，该方法认为跨感觉通道整合的发育包括异质感知技能的异时出现。
