Schwandt P, Geiss H C, Haas G M
Medical Department, University of Munich, Arteriosklerose-Präventions-Institut, Wilbrechtstr. 95, 81477 München, Germany.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001 Oct;11 Suppl 5:35-9.
The Prevention Education Program (PEP) is a 14-year prospective study designed to identify and evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in school-children and their families. The second aim of the PEP is to test the hypothesis that the individual risk can be changed by family lifestyle modifications.
We here report on the evaluation of the global cardiovascular risk constellation in 3283 adults and 3220 children and adolescents (aged up to 16 years): 36% of the children were passive smokers and 35% of the adults were smokers. The prevalence of low-density lipoprotein-hypercholesterolemia was nearly identical in the children (> or = 130 mg/dL) and adults (> or = 155 mg/dL), being respectively 17% and 18%. Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (< or = 35 mg/dL) were recorded in 4% of the adults and 2% of the children. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 6% in adults (> or = 200 mg/dL) and 5% in children (> or = 130 mg/dL). Nine percent of the adults were obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) and 6% of the children (> 20% ref. weight). High blood pressure was found in 16% of the adults and 17% of the children.
Because of the high prevalence of risk factors in childhood, primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases should start as soon as children start school.
预防教育项目（PEP）是一项为期14年的前瞻性研究，旨在识别和评估学童及其家庭中的心血管危险因素。PEP的第二个目的是检验个体风险可通过家庭生活方式改变得以改变这一假设。
我们在此报告对3283名成年人以及3220名儿童和青少年（年龄最大为16岁）的总体心血管风险状况的评估：36%的儿童为被动吸烟者，35%的成年人吸烟。儿童（≥130mg/dL）和成年人（≥155mg/dL）中低密度脂蛋白高胆固醇血症的患病率几乎相同，分别为17%和18%。4%的成年人及2%的儿童低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度较低（≤35mg/dL）。成年人（≥200mg/dL）和儿童（≥130mg/dL）中高甘油三酯血症的患病率分别为6%和5%。9%的成年人肥胖（体重指数>30kg/m²），6%的儿童超重（超过参考体重20%）。16%的成年人及17%的儿童患有高血压。
鉴于儿童期危险因素的高患病率，心血管疾病的一级预防应在儿童入学后尽早开始。
