Owens Edward G, Goodacre Charles J, Loh Poey Ling, Hanke Gilberto, Okamura Mitsunobu, Jo Kwang-hun, Muñoz Carlos A, Naylor W Patrick
School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, California, USA.
Int J Prosthodont. 2002 May-Jun;15(3):273-82.
This study was undertaken to compare the facial appearance of patients from six racial groups (African American, Caucasian, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese, and Korean) for interracial and/or gender differences and to determine if "norms" existed.
A total of 253 subjects (144 men and 109 women) ranging in age from 18 to 41 years (mean age 26.5 years) were evaluated using a standardized protocol. The data were collected and analyzed to establish reference ranges for seven frontal and six profile extraoral parameters. Mean scores were compared by race and gender using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey-Kramer test for honestly significant difference when statistically significant differences were found (P < .05).
There were no significant differences for any of the seven frontal or six profile extraoral parameters between men and women. No significant differences were found between racial groups for five of the seven frontal and one of the six profile extraoral parameters.
Most of the frontal facial parameters and one profile extraoral parameter might be considered norms for male and female patients of different ethnic origins. Additional research with larger patient populations would be needed to confirm or refute these trends.
本研究旨在比较六个种族群体（非裔美国人、白种人、中国人、西班牙裔、日本人及韩国人）患者的面部外观，以找出种族间和/或性别差异，并确定是否存在“标准”。
采用标准化方案对总共253名受试者（144名男性和109名女性）进行评估，年龄范围为18至41岁（平均年龄26.5岁）。收集并分析数据，以建立七个正面和六个侧面口外参数的参考范围。使用单因素方差分析按种族和性别比较平均得分，当发现统计学显著差异（P < 0.05）时，随后采用Tukey-Kramer检验进行真实显著差异分析。
男性和女性在七个正面或六个侧面口外参数中的任何一个参数上均无显著差异。在七个正面参数中的五个参数以及六个侧面口外参数中的一个参数上，种族群体之间未发现显著差异。
大多数正面面部参数和一个侧面口外参数可能被视为不同种族起源的男性和女性患者的标准。需要对更多患者群体进行进一步研究以证实或反驳这些趋势。
