Ackard Diann M, Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2002 May;26(5):455-73. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00322-8.
The goal of the study was to assess the prevalence of date violence and rape in adolescents, to examine associations between date violence and rape and disordered eating behaviors and psychopathology, and to determine if these associations remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other physical and sexual abuse by an adult.
A Minnesota school-based sample of 81,247 boys and girls in 9th and 12th grades completed the 1998 Minnesota Student Survey.
Overall, approximately 9% of girls and 6% of boys had experienced date violence or rape. Significant differences across race and grade were found. Date violence and rape is associated with higher rates of disordered eating behaviors and suicidal thoughts and attempts, and lower scores on measures of emotional well-being and self-esteem. Over 50% of youth reporting both date violence and rape also reported attempting suicide. Controlling for race and age, adolescents who have experienced both date violence and rape were more likely to use laxatives (OR: girls = 5.76; boys = 28.22), vomit (OR: girls = 4.74; boys = 21.46), use diet pills (OR: girls = 5.08; boys = 16.33), binge eat (OR: girls = 2.15; boys = 5.80), and have suicidal thoughts or attempts (OR: girls = 5.78; boys = 6.66) than their nonabused peers. These odds were weakened but remained significant after controlling for other abuse by an adult. Furthermore, a greater percentage of girls and boys who reported an abusive dating experience also reported repeat victimization (physical or sexual abuse perpetrated by an adult) when compared to their peers without an abusive dating experience.
Abusive experiences during dating relationships may disrupt normal developmental processes, including the development of a stable self-concept and integrated body image during adolescence. This disruption manifests itself through thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Further research should explore effects of adverse adolescent dating experiences.
本研究的目的是评估青少年中约会暴力和强奸的发生率，研究约会暴力和强奸与饮食失调行为及精神病理学之间的关联，并确定在控制社会人口学特征以及来自成年人的其他身体和性虐待后，这些关联是否仍然显著。
明尼苏达州一个以学校为基础的样本，包括81247名九年级和十二年级的男孩和女孩，完成了1998年明尼苏达学生调查。
总体而言，约9%的女孩和6%的男孩经历过约会暴力或强奸。在种族和年级方面发现了显著差异。约会暴力和强奸与更高的饮食失调行为发生率、自杀念头及自杀未遂相关，且在情绪幸福感和自尊量表上得分更低。报告同时经历约会暴力和强奸的青少年中，超过50%也报告有自杀未遂行为。在控制种族和年龄后，经历过约会暴力和强奸的青少年比未受虐待的同龄人更有可能使用泻药（比值比：女孩=5.76；男孩=28.22）、催吐（比值比：女孩=4.74；男孩=21.46）、使用减肥药（比值比：女孩=5.08；男孩=16.33）、暴饮暴食（比值比：女孩=2.15；男孩=5.80）以及有自杀念头或自杀未遂行为（比值比：女孩=5.78；男孩=6.66）。在控制来自成年人的其他虐待后，这些比值有所减弱但仍然显著。此外，与没有虐待性约会经历的同龄人相比，报告有虐待性约会经历的女孩和男孩中，有更大比例的人也报告有再次受害（来自成年人的身体或性虐待）情况。
恋爱关系中的虐待经历可能会扰乱正常的发育过程，包括青少年时期稳定的自我概念和完整身体形象的发展。这种扰乱通过思想、情感和行为表现出来。进一步的研究应探索青少年不良约会经历的影响。
