MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Jun 14;51(23):501-2.
Persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection are susceptible to disseminated mycobacterial infections. In the United States, most such infections are caused by Mycobacterium avium or M. intracellulare (i.e., M. avium complex [MAC]). In less developed countries, M. tuberculosis is equally or more prevalent than MAC in persons with HIV-1 infection. Other mycobacterial species have been reported to cause disseminated infection in HIV-infected persons, including Simiae-Avium (SAV) group mycobacteria. SAV group organisms share characteristics of M. avium and M. simiae. Although disseminated (i.e., the isolation of a mycobacterial species from the blood) infection with M. simiae has been reported in HIV-infected persons, another distinct species within the SAV group, M. triplex, was characterized in 1996. Two cases of disseminated infection caused by M. triplex have been reported in HIV-1-positive persons. This report describes four HIV-infected patients from Bangkok, Thailand, and Lilongwe, Malawi, who were infected with SAV group organisms. Because different mycobacterial species are not susceptible uniformly to antimycobacterial agents, accurate identification of mycobacterial species causing an infection is crucial for directing appropriate therapy.
晚期人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）-1感染者易发生播散性分枝杆菌感染。在美国，大多数此类感染由鸟分枝杆菌或胞内分枝杆菌（即鸟分枝杆菌复合群[MAC]）引起。在欠发达国家，结核分枝杆菌在HIV-1感染者中的流行程度与MAC相当或更高。据报道，其他分枝杆菌菌种也可在HIV感染者中引起播散性感染，包括猿猴-鸟分枝杆菌（SAV）群分枝杆菌。SAV群菌株兼具鸟分枝杆菌和猿分枝杆菌的特征。虽然已有报道称HIV感染者发生播散性（即从血液中分离出分枝杆菌菌种）猿分枝杆菌感染，但SAV群内另一个独特菌种——三型分枝杆菌于1996年得到鉴定。已有两例HIV-1阳性者发生三型分枝杆菌播散性感染的报道。本报告描述了来自泰国曼谷和马拉维利隆圭的4例感染SAV群菌株的HIV感染者。由于不同分枝杆菌菌种对抗分枝杆菌药物的敏感性不一，准确鉴定引起感染的分枝杆菌菌种对于指导恰当治疗至关重要。
