Benator D A, Gordin F M
Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
Semin Respir Infect. 1996 Dec;11(4):285-300.
Because of their often profound immune suppression, persons with HIV-infection are, increasingly, being identified as having morbidity related to mycobacteria. Indeed, mycobacterial disease is now the second most frequent cause of illness in AIDS patients receiving PCP prophylaxis with the majority of these patients in the United States having disease caused by M. avium complex (MAC). This section reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment protocols, and prophylaxis strategies for MAC, as well as the other species of nontuberculosis mycobacteria being diagnosed in the setting of HIV infection. These organisms typically cause extrapulmonary, often disseminated disease in HIV infected persons, although pulmonary disease may occur. The prompt diagnosis and successful treatment of these infections can prolong the life and enhance its quality for affected patients with HIV coinfections.
由于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者常常存在严重的免疫抑制，他们越来越多地被发现患有与分枝杆菌相关的疾病。事实上，分枝杆菌病现在是接受肺孢子菌肺炎（PCP）预防治疗的艾滋病患者中第二常见的疾病病因，在美国，这些患者中的大多数患有由鸟分枝杆菌复合群（MAC）引起的疾病。本节回顾了MAC以及在HIV感染情况下被诊断出的其他非结核分枝杆菌的流行病学、临床表现、治疗方案和预防策略。这些病原体通常在HIV感染者中引起肺外疾病，且常常是播散性疾病，不过也可能发生肺部疾病。对这些感染的及时诊断和成功治疗可以延长合并感染HIV的患者的生命并提高其生活质量。
